The use of a semiochemical bait to enhance exposure of Amblyomma variegatum (Acari: Ixodidae) to Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales)
The use of a semiochemical bait to enhance exposure of Amblyomma variegatum (Acari: Ixodidae) to Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.11.005
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发表时间：
2009-03-23
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Eloff, J. N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nchu, F.;Maniania, N. K.;Eloff, J. N.
采用化学信息素饵剂对不同剂型绿僵菌（Metarhizium anisopliae，Metsch.）索罗克（子囊菌门：肉座菌目）。首先，在嗅觉仪中评估了由邻硝基苯酚、水杨酸甲酯和壬酸以2：1：8的比例、1-辛烯-3-醇和丁酸组成的引诱-聚集-附着信息素（AAAP）的相对功效。发现只有AAAP和1-辛烯-3-醇引起对蜱的吸引反应。在半田间小区中，1-辛烯-3-醇和AAAP与CO2一起从诱捕器中同时释放，从6 m处吸引高达94.0 +/- 6%的成蜱，从8 m处吸引高达24.0 +/- 5.1%的成蜱。M.在以AAAP、1-辛烯-3-醇和CO2为诱饵的诱捕器内施用的绿僵菌（干粉、油和可挥发的）导致被吸引到诱捕器的蜱的高水平污染。然而，48小时后，自体接种，89.1%和33.3%的分生孢子在干粉和油制剂，分别损失。可乳化制剂表现出最少的繁殖体损失（17.1%）。将被诱饵诱捕器吸引的蜱虫样品转移到含有草的塑料盆中并保持5周。试验分雨季和旱季进行。乳剂在两个季节的相对蜱虫减少率最高：雨季和旱季分别为54.7%和46.5%，其次是油剂（32.0%和23.8%）和粉剂（38.0%和24.4%）。(C)2008 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Experiments were conducted to explore the use of a semiochemical bait to enhance exposure of Amblyomma variegatum Fabricius (Acari: Ixodidae) to different formulations of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales). Initially, the relative efficacies of attraction-aggregation-attachment pheromone (AAAP), made up of o-nitrophenol, methyl salicylate and nonanoic acid in the ratio 2:1:8, 1-octen-3-ol and butyric acid, were evaluated in an olfactometer. Only AAAP and 1-octen-3-ol were found to elicit attractive responses to the tick. Simultaneous release of 1-octen-3-ol and AAAP together with CO2 from a trap in semi field plots attracted up to 94.0 +/- 6% of adult ticks from a distance of 6 m, and up to 24.0 +/- 5.1% from 8 m. Formulations of M. anisopliae (dry powder, oil, and emulsifiable) applied within the trap baited with AAAP, 1-octen-3-ol and CO2 resulted in high levels of contamination of the ticks attracted to the traps. However, 48 h after autoinoculation, 89.1 and 33.3% of conidia were lost in dry powder and oil formulations, respectively. Emulsifiable formulation showed least loss of propagules (17.1%). Samples of ticks attracted to the baited traps were transferred to plastic basins containing grass and maintained for 5 weeks. The experiment was conducted in rainy and dry seasons. Emulsifiable formulation gave the highest relative tick reduction in both seasons: 54.7 and 46.5% in rainy and dry seasons, respectively, followed by oil formulation (32.0 and 23.8%) and powder formulation (38.0 and 24.4%). (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.