Analysis of the upper respiratory tract microbiotas as the source of the lung and gastric microbiotas in healthy individuals.
Analysis of the upper respiratory tract microbiotas as the source of the lung and gastric microbiotas in healthy individuals.
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DOI：
10.1128/mbio.00037-15
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发表时间：
2015-03-03
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Huffnagle GB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bassis CM;Erb-Downward JR;Dickson RP;Freeman CM;Schmidt TM;Young VB;Beck JM;Curtis JL;Huffnagle GB
没有研究检查细菌群落之间的关系，沿位置的上气消化道的个体受试者。我们的目的是进行受试者内和位点间分析，以确定两个上粘膜部位（口腔和鼻子）作为下粘膜部位（肺和胃）细菌微生物群源群落的贡献。收集28名健康受试者的口腔洗液、支气管肺泡灌洗液、鼻拭子和胃吸出液样本。对对照组和一系列受试者内BAL液体样本的广泛分析表明，支气管镜下的肺部采样不会与口腔微生物组污染混淆。定量PCR结果显示，口腔和胃的细菌信号水平最高，鼻腔和肺部的细菌信号水平较低。对这些样本中产生的16S rRNA基因扩增子文库进行Pyrosequencing，结果显示口腔和胃室的物种丰富度最高，显著高于肺部和鼻腔。肺部的细菌群落与口腔、鼻子和胃的细菌群落有显著差异，而口腔和胃的细菌群落相似性最大。然而，健康肺部的细菌群落与口腔有显著的相似性，而不是鼻子，并且注意到显着的受试者差异。总之，在健康期间，来自口腔的微生物迁移似乎是肺部微生物群的重要来源，但与胃不同，肺部表现出选择性消除来自上呼吸道的普雷沃氏菌的证据。我们已经证明，健康肺部的细菌群落与口腔中发现的细菌群落重叠，但浓度较低，成员数较低，群落组成不同。鼻腔微生物组与口腔微生物组不同，似乎对健康受试者肺部微生物组的组成贡献不大。我们对个体的鼻腔、口腔、肺和胃微生物组的研究说明了健康成人空气消化道的微生物连续性，并为微吸入在健康个体中很常见的概念提供了不依赖培养的微生物学支持。
No studies have examined the relationships between bacterial communities along sites of the upper aerodigestive tract of an individual subject. Our objective was to perform an intrasubject and intersite analysis to determine the contributions of two upper mucosal sites (mouth and nose) as source communities for the bacterial microbiome of lower sites (lungs and stomach). Oral wash, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, nasal swab, and gastric aspirate samples were collected from 28 healthy subjects. Extensive analysis of controls and serial intrasubject BAL fluid samples demonstrated that sampling of the lungs by bronchoscopy was not confounded by oral microbiome contamination. By quantitative PCR, the oral cavity and stomach contained the highest bacterial signal levels and the nasal cavity and lungs contained much lower levels. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicon libraries generated from these samples showed that the oral and gastric compartments had the greatest species richness, which was significantly greater in both than the richness measured in the lungs and nasal cavity. The bacterial communities of the lungs were significantly different from those of the mouth, nose, and stomach, while the greatest similarity was between the oral and gastric communities. However, the bacterial communities of healthy lungs shared significant membership with the mouth, but not the nose, and marked subject-subject variation was noted. In summary, microbial immigration from the oral cavity appears to be the significant source of the lung microbiome during health, but unlike the stomach, the lungs exhibit evidence of selective elimination of Prevotella bacteria derived from the upper airways. We have demonstrated that the bacterial communities of the healthy lung overlapped those found in the mouth but were found at lower concentrations, with lower membership and a different community composition. The nasal microbiome, which was distinct from the oral microbiome, appeared to contribute little to the composition of the lung microbiome in healthy subjects. Our studies of the nasal, oral, lung, and stomach microbiomes within an individual illustrate the microbiological continuity of the aerodigestive tract in healthy adults and provide culture-independent microbiological support for the concept that microaspiration is common in healthy individuals.