The ecdysteroidome of Drosophila: influence of diet and development
The ecdysteroidome of Drosophila: influence of diet and development
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DOI：
10.1242/dev.124982
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发表时间：
2015-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Shevchenko, Andrej
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lavrynenko, Oksana;Rodenfels, Jonathan;Shevchenko, Andrej
体外甾体激素是调节节肢动物发育、生理和生育的激素，完全由膳食固醇合成。但是，膳食固醇的多样性如何影响体外类固醇的分布，动物如何确保所需激素的产生，以及体内产生的不同体外类固醇之间是否存在功能差异，这些都是未知的。这是因为目前还没有一种分析技术能够公正、全面、定量地评估内源性外皮甾体的全补体。我们开发了一种新的LC-MS/MS方法来筛选整个化学空间的类固醇相关结构，并定量已知和新发现的激素及其分解物。我们量化了黑腹果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）的表皮甾体，并研究了表皮甾体谱随饮食和发育的变化。我们发现果蝇可以产生四种不同类型的表皮类固醇，它们必然来源于四种类型的膳食固醇前体。果蝇从植物甾醇中制造makisterone A，从麦角甾醇（主要的酵母固醇）中制造epi-makisterone A。然而，他们更喜欢选择性地利用稀缺的麦角甾醇前体来制造一种新的激素24,28-脱氢makisterone a，并痕量胆固醇来合成20-羟基蜕皮激素。有趣的是，epi-makisterone A只支持幼虫的发育，而其他所有的外类固醇都允许完全的成虫发育。我们认为，产生外皮- c -24外皮甾体的进化压力可能解释了麦角甾醇前体的选择性利用和对胆固醇的令人费解的偏好。
Ecdysteroids are the hormones regulating development, physiology and fertility in arthropods, which synthesize them exclusively from dietary sterols. But how dietary sterol diversity influences the ecdysteroid profile, how animals ensure the production of desired hormones and whether there are functional differences between different ecdysteroids produced in vivo remains unknown. This is because currently there is no analytical technology for unbiased, comprehensive and quantitative assessment of the full complement of endogenous ecdysteroids. We developed a new LC-MS/MS method to screen the entire chemical space of ecdysteroid-related structures and to quantify known and newly discovered hormones and their catabolites. We quantified the ecdysteroidome in Drosophila melanogaster and investigated how the ecdysteroid profile varies with diet and development. We show that Drosophila can produce four different classes of ecdysteroids, which are obligatorily derived from four types of dietary sterol precursors. Drosophila makes makisterone A from plant sterols and epi-makisterone A from ergosterol, the major yeast sterol. However, they prefer to selectively utilize scarce ergosterol precursors to make a novel hormone 24,28-dehydromakisterone A and trace cholesterol to synthesize 20-hydroxyecdysone. Interestingly, epi-makisterone A supports only larval development, whereas all other ecdysteroids allow full adult development. We suggest that evolutionary pressure against producing epi-C-24 ecdysteroids might explain selective utilization of ergosterol precursors and the puzzling preference for cholesterol.