New approaches targeting brown adipose tissue transplantation as a therapy in obesity
New approaches targeting brown adipose tissue transplantation as a therapy in obesity
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.022
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Herrero, Laura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carmen Soler-Vazquez, M.;Mera, Paula;Herrero, Laura
棕色脂肪组织 (BAT) 作为对抗肥胖和 2 型糖尿病等代谢性疾病的潜在目标，引起了人们的高度期望。 BAT 利用脂肪酸等燃料来维持体温，方法是解偶联线粒体电子传输以产生热量而不是 ATP。这个过程称为生热作用。 BAT 被认为是啮齿类动物和人类新生儿所独有的。然而，在过去十年中，多项研究表明，BAT 不仅存在于成年人体内，而且在成年人体内也很活跃，并且其活性在衰老、肥胖和糖尿病等多种病理条件下会降低。因此，科学界正在做出巨大努力来增强 BAT 的质量或活性。已经描述了几种产热激活剂，例如利钠肽、骨形态发生蛋白或成纤维细胞生长因子 21。此外，最近的研究测试了一种通过植入脂肪细胞或脂肪组织来直接增加 BAT 质量的治疗方法。这种方法可能在再生医学和对抗代谢紊乱方面具有重要的前景。在这里，我们回顾了 BAT 移植的新兴领域，包括啮齿动物和人类中间充质干细胞分离的各种来源，以及脂肪细胞移植和肥胖症 BAT 移植的代谢结果。
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is raising high expectations as a potential target in the fight against metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. BAT utilizes fuels such as fatty acids to maintain body temperature by uncoupling mitochondrial electron transport to produce heat instead of ATP. This process is called thermogenesis. BAT was considered to be exclusive to rodents and human neonates. However, in the last decade several studies have demonstrated that BAT is not only present but also active in adult humans and that its activity is reduced in several pathological conditions, such as aging, obesity, and diabetes. Thus, tremendous efforts are being made by the scientific community to enhance either BAT mass or activity. Several activators of thermogenesis have been described, such as natriuretic peptides, bone morphogenic proteins, or fibroblast growth factor 21. Furthermore, recent studies have tested a therapeutic approach to directly increase BAT mass by the implantation of either adipocytes or fat tissue, This approach might have an important future in regenerative medicine and in the fight against metabolic disorders. Here, we review the emerging field of BAT transplantation including the various sources of mesenchymal stem cell isolation in rodents and humans and the described metabolic outcomes of adipocyte cell transplantation and BAT transplantation in obesity.