Gender differences in the association of perceived social support and social network with self-rated health status among older adults: a population-based study in Brazil.
Gender differences in the association of perceived social support and social network with self-rated health status among older adults: a population-based study in Brazil.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1186/1471-2318-13-122
复制
发表时间：
2013-11-15
期刊：
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Vettore MV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caetano SC;Silva CM;Vettore MV
老年人更有可能独居，因为他们可能已经被配偶和朋友提前去世了。在这个年龄段，由于慢性病造成的行动能力有限，社交活动也可能减少。因此，老龄化往往伴随着社会支持的减少，这可能会影响健康状况。关于性别在老年人的社会支持和健康之间的关系中所起的作用，人们知之甚少。因此，本研究验证了这一假设，即老年人的社会支持感、社会网络和自评健康之间存在性别差异。一项使用两阶段概率抽样的横断面研究招募了3649名年龄在60岁及以上的人。数据是2006年在巴西里约热内卢举行的全国流感疫苗接种运动期间收集的。个人访谈收集了有关SRH、感知的社会支持、社会网络和其他协变量的信息。采用嵌套模型分别对男性和女性进行多因素Logistic回归分析。自变量被组织成六个块：(1)感知的社会支持和社会网络，(2)年龄组，(3)社会经济特征，(4)与健康相关的行为，(5)对保健服务的使用，(6)功能状况测量和躯体健康问题。没有参加团体活动的老年男性比参加团体活动的老年男性更有可能报告较差的SRH(OR=1.63；95%CI=1.16-2.30)。社会支持感低是女性SRH不良的预测因素(OR=1.64；95%CI=1.16~2.34)。在男性和女性中，SRH差与低年龄、低收入、不工作、功能能力差和抑郁有关。在女性中，更多的躯体健康问题与较差的SRH有关。社会互动和SRH之间的联系因性别而异。在老年男性中，低社会网络参与度与较差的SRH相关，而在老年女性中，较低的社会支持感与较差的SRH相关。领悟到的社会支持和社会网络与SRH的关系因性别不同而不同的假设已经得到证实。
Older adults are more likely to live alone, because they may have been predeceased by their spouse and friends. Social interaction could also be reduced in this age group due by limited mobility caused by chronic conditions. Therefore, aging is frequently accompanied by reduced social support, which might affect health status. Little is known about the role of gender in the relationship between social support and health in older adults. Hence, the present study tests the hypothesis that gender differences exist in the relationship between perceived social support, social network, and self-rated health (SRH) among older adults. A cross-sectional study using two-stage probabilistic sampling recruited 3,649 individuals aged 60 years and above. Data were collected during the national influenza vaccination campaign in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2006. Individual interviews collected information on SRH, perceived social support, social network, and other covariates. Multivariate logistic regression analyses using nested models were conducted separately for males and females. Independent variables were organised into six blocks: (1) perceived social support and social network, (2) age group, (3) socioeconomic characteristics, (4) health-related behaviours, (5) use of health care services, (6) functional status measures and somatic health problems. Older men who did not participate in group activities were more likely to report poor SRH compared to those who did, (OR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.16–2.30). Low perceived social support predicted the probability of poor SRH in women (OR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.16–2.34). Poor SRH was associated with low age, low income, not working, poor functional capacity, and depression in both men and women. More somatic health problems were associated with poor SRH in women. The association between social interactions and SRH varies between genders. Low social network involvement is associated with poor SRH in older men, whereas low perceived social support is associated with poor SRH in older women. The hypothesis that the relationship of perceived social support and social networks to SRH differs according to gender has been confirmed.