PITX2 AND PITX1 Regulate Thyrotroph Function and Response to Hypothyroidism

PITX2 AND PITX1 Regulate Thyrotroph Function and Response to Hypothyroidism
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DOI:
10.1210/me.2010-0388
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发表时间:
2011-11-01
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Camper, S. A.
Camper, S. A.
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Castinetti, F.;Brinkmeier, M. L.;Camper, S. A.

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Pitx2 是多种器官发育所需的同源域转录因子,其剂量依赖性。 Pitx2 缺失纯合子 (Pitx2(-/-)) 具有严重的垂体发育不全,而具有功能降低的等位基因 (Pitx2(neo/neo)) 的小鼠表现出适度的发育不全以及正在发育的促性腺激素和 Pou1f1 谱系的减少。 PITX2 在 Rathke 囊和胎儿垂体中广泛表达。它在成人促甲状腺激素和促性腺激素中占主导地位,尽管它对于促性腺激素功能不是必需的。为了测试 PITX2 在促甲状腺素功能中的作用,我们开发了促甲状腺素特异性 cre 转基因小鼠 Tg(Tshb-cre),其具有重组的 Tshb 细菌人工染色体,可消除分化的垂体促甲状腺素中的 floxed 基因。我们使用最好的 Tg(Tshb-Cre) 菌株来产生促甲状腺素特异性 Pitx2 缺陷后代,Pitx2(flox/) ; Tg(Tshb-cre)。双重免疫组织化学证实 Pitx2 缺失。 Pitx2(flox/-); Tg(Tshb-cre) 小鼠体重略有下降。尽管循环 T-4 和 TSH 水平处于正常范围,但甲状腺较小。 Pitx1 转录物的垂体水平显着增加,表明存在补偿机制。低碘饮食和口服丙硫氧嘧啶引起的甲状腺功能减退症显示 Pitx2(flox/-) 中 TSH 反应减弱; Tg(Tshb-cre)小鼠。 Pitx1 转录本在诱发甲状腺功能减退症的对照小鼠中显着增加,但在 Pitx2(flox/-) 中保持不变; Tg(Tshb-cre) 小鼠,可能是因为在未经处理的突变体中 Pitx1 水平已经最大限度地升高。这些结果表明 PITX2 和 PITX1 在促甲状腺激素功能和对甲状腺功能减退症的反应中具有重叠的作用。我们报道的新型 cre 转基因将有助于研究促甲状腺细胞中其他基因的功能。 (分子内分泌学25:1950-1960,2011)
Pitx2 is a homeodomain transcription factor required in a dose-dependent manner for the development of multiple organs. Pitx2-null homozygotes (Pitx2(-/-)) have severe pituitary hypoplasia, whereas mice with reduced-function alleles (Pitx2(neo/neo)) exhibit modest hypoplasia and reduction in the developing gonadotroph and Pou1f1 lineages. PITX2 is expressed broadly in Rathke's pouch and the fetal pituitary gland. It predominates in adult thyrotrophs and gonadotrophs, although it is not necessary for gonadotroph function. To test the role of PITX2 in thyrotroph function, we developed thyrotroph-specific cre transgenic mice, Tg(Tshb-cre) with a recombineered Tshb bacterial artificial chromosome that ablates floxed genes in differentiated pituitary thyrotrophs. We used the best Tg(Tshb-Cre) strain to generate thyrotroph-specific Pitx2-deficient offspring, Pitx2(flox/) ; Tg(Tshb-cre). Double immunohistochemistry confirmed Pitx2 deletion. Pitx2(flox/-); Tg(Tshb-cre) mice have a modest weight decrease. The thyroid glands are smaller, although circulating T-4 and TSH levels are in the normal range. The pituitary levels of Pitx1 transcripts are significantly increased, suggesting a compensatory mechanism. Hypothyroidism induced by low-iodine diet and oral propylthiouracil revealed a blunted TSH response in Pitx2(flox/-); Tg(Tshb-cre) mice. Pitx1 transcripts increased significantly in control mice with induced hypothyroidism, but they remained unchanged in Pitx2(flox/-); Tg(Tshb-cre) mice, possibly because Pitx1 levels were already maximally elevated in untreated mutants. These results suggest that PITX2 and PITX1 have overlapping roles in thyrotroph function and response to hypothyroidism. The novel cre transgene that we report will be useful for studying the function of other genes in thyrotrophs. (Molecular Endocrinology 25: 1950-1960, 2011)