Sinkhole genesis and evolution in Apulia, and their interrelations with the anthropogenic environment
Sinkhole genesis and evolution in Apulia, and their interrelations with the anthropogenic environment
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普利亚天坑的起源和演化及其与人类环境的相互关系
DOI：
10.5194/nhess-4-747-2004
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Parise
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. D. Rose;A. Federico;M. Parise
抽象的。世界上许多可溶性岩石出现的地区都会出现天坑的发育。落水洞通常是碳酸盐岩中洞穴和其他地下水流动管道存在的表面表现，是溶液扩大的次生渗透特征。它们的形成可能是自然的，也可能是由人类活动造成的。在这两种情况下，都必须对人为环境和相关基础设施造成严重后果。因此，规划者和决策者有必要了解这种微妙地质灾害的形成机制，以制定最适当和最合适的土地利用和开发计划。意大利南部普利亚地区的大部分地区都是碳酸盐岩，这使其成为地中海盆地最引人注目的喀斯特地貌之一。根据文献分析和现场调查（包括洞穴勘探），我们在普利亚确定了天坑形成的三种主要可能机制：1）天然洞穴或人造洞穴中的洞穴塌陷； 2）通过溶解缓慢、逐渐扩大天坑； 3) 现有天坑充填沉积物的沉降和内部侵蚀。由于天坑的形成经常直接影响普利亚的人类住区，并且最近造成了严重的破坏，因此最终提出了一些关于天坑与人类环境之间相互关系的考虑。
Abstract. Sinkhole development occurs in many areas of the world where soluble rocks crop out. Sinkholes are generally the surface expression of the presence of caves and other groundwater flow conduits in carbonate rocks, which are solutionally enlarged secondary permeability features. Their formation may be either natural or caused by man's activities. In both cases, heavy consequences have to be registered on the anthropogenic environment and related infrastructures. Knowledge of the mechanism of formation of this subtle geohazard is therefore necessary to planners and decision makers for performing the most appropriate and suitable programs of land use and development. The Apulia region of southern Italy is characterized for most of its extension by carbonate rocks, which makes it one of the most remarkable example of karst in the Mediterranean Basin. Based on analysis of literature and in situ surveys, including caving explorations, we have identified in Apulia three main types of possible mechanisms for sinkhole formation: 1) collapse of a chamber in a natural cave or in man-made cavities; 2) slow and gradual enlargement of doline through dissolution; 3) settlement and internal erosion of filling deposits of pre-existing dolines. Since sinkhole formation very often affects directly the human settlements in Apulia, and have recently produced severe damage, some considerations are eventually presented as regards the interrelationships between sinkholes and the anthropogenic environment.