The bright side of PV production in snow-covered mountains
The bright side of PV production in snow-covered mountains
复制标题
雪山光伏发电的光明面
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1720808116
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Lehning
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Kahl;J. Dujardin;M. Lehning
意义我们的工作表明，有可能将太阳能光伏（PV）转化为未来可再生能源组合中更可靠、更合适的贡献者。在山区正确放置和定向太阳能电池板可以将大量的发电量从夏季转移到冬季。光伏技术在经济上和技术上都是非常有前途的。使生产模式更接近中纬度地区的典型消费模式，是朝着光伏技术在未来能源市场上更高渗透率迈出的重要一步。此外，通过在（现有）山区基础设施上安装光伏发电来减少冬季能源缺口，降低了对（不切实际的）额外存储的需求。我们的工作探讨的前景，使太阳光生伏打（PV）的时间生产配置文件到更好的相关性与典型的电力消费模式在中纬度地区。为此，我们量化了三种光伏安装选择的潜力，这些选择可以在最需要电力的冬季增加产量。这些位置有利于（i）高冬季辐照度，（ii）高地面反射辐射，以及（iii）比通常更陡的面板倾斜角度。除了对生产潜力的空间估计外，我们还比较了瑞士城市和山区环境中不同光伏布局方案的性能。结果表明，当太阳能光伏安装在高海拔地区时，未来完全可再生的风力发电，水力发电和地热发电的能源赤字可以显着减少。由于时间生产模式匹配的典型需求比在城市环境中的生产更紧密，电力生产可以从夏季转移到冬季，而不会减少年度总产量。这种山地安装需要的表面积明显更小，再加上更陡的面板倾斜角度，可以调解高达50%的冬季发电赤字。
Significance Our work shows that it is possible to turn solar photovoltaics (PV) into a more reliable and better-suited contributor to a future renewable energy mix. The correct placement and orientation of solar panels in mountain areas shift a significant amount of electricity generation from the summer to the winter months. PV technology is economically and technologically very promising. Bringing the production pattern closer to typical consumption patterns in the midlatitudes represents an important step toward higher penetration of PV technology on future energy markets. Moreover, a reduction of the winter energy gap by placing PV on (existing) mountain infrastructure lowers the need for (unrealistic) additional storage. Our work explores the prospect of bringing the temporal production profile of solar photovoltaics (PV) into better correlation with typical electricity consumption patterns in the midlatitudes. To do so, we quantify the potential of three choices for PV installations that increase production during the winter months when electricity is most needed. These are placements that favor (i) high winter irradiance, (ii) high ground-reflected radiation, and (iii) steeper-than-usual panel tilt angles. In addition to spatial estimates of the production potential, we compare the performance of different PV placement scenarios in urban and mountain environments for the country of Switzerland. The results show that the energy deficit in a future fully renewable production from wind power, hydropower, and geothermal power could be significantly reduced when solar PV is installed at high elevations. Because the temporal production patterns match the typical demand more closely than the production in urban environments, electricity production could be shifted from summer to winter without reducing the annual total production. Such mountain installations require significantly less surface area and, combined with steeper panel tilt angles, up to 50% of the winter deficit in electricity production can be mediated.