Bitter triggers acetylcholine release from polymodal urethral chemosensory cells and bladder reflexes
Bitter triggers acetylcholine release from polymodal urethral chemosensory cells and bladder reflexes
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1402436111
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发表时间：
2014-06-03
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Kummer, Wolfgang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deckmann, Klaus;Filipski, Katharina;Kummer, Wolfgang
呼吸道粘膜表面的化学感受细胞（“刷状细胞”）使用典型的味觉传导级联来检测潜在的有害内容并在刺激时触发局部保护性和厌恶性呼吸反射。到目前为止，泌尿生殖道一直被认为缺乏这种细胞类型。在这里，我们报告了一个以前未确定的胆碱能，多模态化学感受细胞在哺乳动物尿道，潜在的门户网站的进入细菌和有害物质进入泌尿生殖系统，但不是在进一步的中心位于泌尿道的部分，如膀胱，输尿管和肾盂。尿道刷细胞表达苦味和鲜味受体以及味觉转导级联的下游组分;对苦味（地那铵）、鲜味（谷氨酸盐）和致尿路病性大肠杆菌的刺激作出反应;并释放乙酰胆碱与其他细胞交流。它们通过表达烟碱乙酰胆碱受体的感觉神经纤维接近，并且在麻醉大鼠中尿道内应用地那铵反射性地增加膀胱逼尿肌的活动。我们提出了一个概念，膀胱控制涉及一个以前身份不明的胆碱能化学感受细胞监测尿道腔微环境的化学成分的潜在危险的内容。
Chemosensory cells in the mucosal surface of the respiratory tract ("brush cells") use the canonical taste transduction cascade to detect potentially hazardous content and trigger local protective and aversive respiratory reflexes on stimulation. So far, the urogenital tract has been considered to lack this cell type. Here we report the presence of a previously unidentified cholinergic, polymodal chemosensory cell in the mammalian urethra, the potential portal of entry for bacteria and harmful substances into the urogenital system, but not in further centrally located parts of the urinary tract, such as the bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis. Urethral brush cells express bitter and umami taste receptors and downstream components of the taste transduction cascade; respond to stimulation with bitter (denatonium), umami (monosodium glutamate), and uropathogenic Escherichia coli; and release acetylcholine to communicate with other cells. They are approached by sensory nerve fibers expressing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and intraurethral application of denatonium reflexively increases activity of the bladder detrusor muscle in anesthetized rats. We propose a concept of urinary bladder control involving a previously unidentified cholinergic chemosensory cell monitoring the chemical composition of the urethral luminal microenvironment for potential hazardous content.