Herbert Simon's Decision-Making Approach: Investigation of Cognitive Processes in Experts
Herbert Simon's Decision-Making Approach: Investigation of Cognitive Processes in Experts
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DOI：
10.1037/a0021256
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发表时间：
2010-12-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Gobet, Fernand
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Campitelli, Guillermo;Gobet, Fernand
赫伯特·西蒙的研究工作旨在了解参与人类决策的过程。然而，尽管他努力研究这个问题，但他的工作并没有像其他领域那样对“决策”界产生影响。他拒绝主流经济学中的完美理性假设，从而发展了有限理性的概念。西蒙的方法还强调认知系统的局限性、由于专业知识而导致的过程变化以及对决策中涉及的认知过程的直接实证研究。在本文中，我们认为他随后在问题解决和专业知识方面的研究计划为研究决策过程提供了关键工具，该过程考虑了他最初的有限理性概念。不幸的是，这些工具被决策中的主要研究范式所忽视，例如特沃斯基和卡尼曼的偏见理性方法（也称为启发式和偏见方法）以及吉格伦泽等人提出的生态方法。我们提出了如何将西蒙的方法与当前主要决策方法相结合的建议。我们认为，这将导致更好的决策模型，这些模型更具普遍性，具有更高的生态有效性，包括认知过程的规范，并提供对认知系统特征与环境意外事件之间相互作用的更好理解。
Herbert Simon's research endeavor aimed to understand the processes that participate in human decision making. However, despite his effort to investigate this question, his work did not have the impact in the "decision making" community that it had in other fields. His rejection of the assumption of perfect rationality, made in mainstream economics, led him to develop the concept of bounded rationality. Simon's approach also emphasized the limitations of the cognitive system, the change of processes due to expertise, and the direct empirical study of cognitive processes involved in decision making. In this article, we argue that his subsequent research program in problem solving and expertise offered critical tools for studying decision-making processes that took into account his original notion of bounded rationality. Unfortunately, these tools were ignored by the main research paradigms in decision making, such as Tversky and Kahneman's biased rationality approach (also known as the heuristics and biases approach) and the ecological approach advanced by Gigerenzer and others. We make a proposal of how to integrate Simon's approach with the main current approaches to decision making. We argue that this would lead to better models of decision making that are more generalizable, have higher ecological validity, include specification of cognitive processes, and provide a better understanding of the interaction between the characteristics of the cognitive system and the contingencies of the environment.