Concurrent variation in oil and gas methane emissions and oil price during the COVID-19 pandemic
Concurrent variation in oil and gas methane emissions and oil price during the COVID-19 pandemic
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-21-6605-2021
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发表时间：
2021-05-03
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Hamburg, Steven P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lyon, David R.;Hmiel, Benjamin;Hamburg, Steven P.
与石油和天然气的生产、运输和使用相关的甲烷排放增加了能源使用对气候的影响；然而，人们对排放如何在时间上和随商品价格变化知之甚少。我们提供了得到卫星观测支持的空中和地面数据，以衡量在与新冠肺炎大流行相关的油价波动期间，美国二叠纪盆地甲烷总排放量每周到每月的变化。随着石油价格从接近每桶60美元下降到20美元，排放量从占天然气产量的3.3%同时变化到1.9%；随着价格部分回升，排放量增加到接近初始值。与此同时，石油和天然气总产量仅比崩盘前几个月的峰值下降了约10%。活动数据表明，油井开发的迅速下降以及随后对相关天然气燃烧和中游基础设施吞吐量的影响可能是临时减排的驱动因素。我们的结果以及过去的卫星观测表明，在更典型的价格条件下，二叠纪盆地处于产能过剩状态，快速增长的伴生气产量超过了中游产能，导致甲烷排放量居高不下。
Methane emissions associated with the production, transport, and use of oil and natural gas increase the climatic impacts of energy use; however, little is known about how emissions vary temporally and with commodity prices. We present airborne and ground-based data, supported by satellite observations, to measure weekly to monthly changes in total methane emissions in the United States' Permian Basin during a period of volatile oil prices associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. As oil prices declined from similar to USD 60 to USD 20 per barrel, emissions changed concurrently from 3.3% to 1.9% of natural gas production; as prices partially recovered, emissions increased back to near initial values. Concurrently, total oil and natural gas production only declined by similar to 10% from the peak values seen in the months prior to the crash. Activity data indicate that a rapid decline in well development and subsequent effects on associated gas flaring and midstream infrastructure throughput are the likely drivers of temporary emission reductions. Our results, along with past satellite observations, suggest that under more typical price conditions, the Permian Basin is in a state of over- capacity in which rapidly growing associated gas production exceeds midstream capacity and leads to high methane emissions.