Chemical Communication in the Social Insects.
Chemical Communication in the Social Insects.
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DOI：
10.1126/science.149.3688.1064
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发表时间：
1965-09
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
E. Wilson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Wilson
爱德华·0·威尔逊（Edward 0. Wilson）认为，身体在某种意义上已经为新的生物活动“做好了准备”，随后当受到适当的刺激时，它会做出改变的行为反应。与独居昆虫相比，群居昆虫个体表现出的行为模式既不是特别巧妙，也不是特别复杂。社会生活的显着品质是这些简单的个体模式通过交流的啮合而出现的群体现象。如果首先将传播本身视为一种离散现象，那么整个主题就会变得更容易分析。迄今为止，我们发现可以方便地识别大约九类反应，如下：警报、简单吸引、招募、梳理毛发（包括协助换羽）、交换口腔和肛门液体（旧文献中的“营养轴”）、交换固体食物颗粒、促进、识别（巢穴伴侣和不同种姓的成员）以及通过抑制或刺激来确定种姓（3）。至少在某些群居昆虫中，每种反应都已被证明在某种程度上需要化学信号。其中大多数似乎很大程度上或完全是由此类信号引起的。触觉和听觉刺激在蜜蜂的摇摆舞和蜂后吹笛等现象中的重要性不应被低估。然而，越来越多的证据（部分总结见图 1-3 和表 1）现在表明信息素在昆虫社会的组织中发挥着核心作用。
Edward 0. Wilson the body is in a sense" primed" for new biological activity, and it responds afterward with an altered behavioral repertory when presented with appropriate stimuli. The individual social insect, in com-parison with the individual solitary insect, displays behavioral patterns that are neitherexceptionally ingenious nor exceptionally complex. The re-markable qualities of social life are mass phenomena that emerge from the meshing of these simple individual patterns by means of communication. If communication itself is first treated as a discrete phenomenon, the entire subject becomes much more readily analyzed. To date we have found it convenient to recognize about nine categories of responses, as follows: alarm, simple attraction, recruitment, grooming (including assistance at moulting), exchange of oral and anal liquid (the" trophallaxis" of the older literature), exchange of solid food particles, facilitation, recognition (of both nest mates and members of various castes), and caste determination either by inhibition or by stimulation (3). Each of these kinds of responses has been shown to require chemical sig-nals to some degree in at least some species of social insects. Most of them appear to be evoked largely or entirely by such signals. The importance of tactile and auditory stimuli in phe-nomena such as the waggle dance and queen piping in honey bees need not be minimized. Yet a growing amount of evidence (for a partial summary see Figs. 1-3 and Table 1) now suggests that pheromones have the central role in the organization of insect societies.