FEEDING STRATEGIES OF LITTLE BROWN BAT, MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS, IN SOUTHERN NEW-HAMPSHIRE
FEEDING STRATEGIES OF LITTLE BROWN BAT, MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS, IN SOUTHERN NEW-HAMPSHIRE
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DOI：
10.2307/1936213
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发表时间：
1977-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
KUNZ, TH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
ANTHONY, ELP;KUNZ, TH
1974年5月上旬至8月下旬在美国新罕布什尔州南部调查了小棕蝠的摄食策略。通过比较个体从第一次摄食期（2200-2400小时）和随后的觅食期（0330-0500小时）返回巢穴时的平均摄食前体重和摄食后体重来估计夜间食物消耗。怀孕的蝙蝠平均每晚吃2.5 g昆虫（进食前体重2.72 kJ/g），哺乳期雌性吃3.7 g昆虫（4.23 kJ/g），幼年蝙蝠吃1.8 g昆虫（2.47 kJ/g）。哺乳蝙蝠增加的食物消耗适应了生殖能量的需求，并因食物供应的增加而得到促进。随着断奶，幼鱼的独立食物消费水平不断提高。粪便分析显示，蝙蝠个体的饮食是多种多样的。所有体长3- 10mm的昆虫均可作为食物。到目前为止，捕光器样本中最常见的昆虫是海洋双翅目线虫，它们是整个夏天的主要食物。鞘翅目、毛翅目、鳞翅目、蜉蝣目和神经翅目也有相当数量的消耗。食物组成与猎物可得性的比较表明，怀孕的蝙蝠在昆虫可得性较低且不可预测的6月期间摄入3-10毫米猎物的比例大致相同。哺乳期、哺乳期后和不能生育的雌性……雌性。在昆虫数量较多的7月表现出更强的选择性取食。这种选择性的增加反映了在诱捕器样品中不常见的甲虫和蜉蝣的利用。8月，幼鱼在学习觅食的过程中近似于随机进食模式。正如猎物选择模型所预测的那样，7月份，资源可用性的增加使得成年蝙蝠可以选择性进食。辨别能力的降低可能会阻止幼年动物选择类似水平的猎物。
Feeding strategies of the little brown bat M. lucifugus were investigated in southern New Hampshire, USA from early May-late Aug. 1974. Nightly food consumption was estimated by comparing mean prefeeding body weights with postfeeding weights taken as individuals returned to the roost from their 1st feeding period (at 2200-2400 h) and from a subsequent foraging period (at 0330-0500 h). Pregnant bats consumed an average of 2.5 g of insects (2.72 kJ/g prefeeding body weight) nightly, lactating females ate 3.7 g (4.23 kJ/g) and juveniles ingested 1.8 g (2.47 kJ/g). Increased food consumption in lactating bats accommodated reproductive energy demands and was facilitated by rising food availability. Increasing levels of independent food consumption in juveniles accompanied weaning. Fecal analysis revealed that diets of individual bats were diverse. All available insects 3-10 mm in body length were accepted as food items. Nematoceran Diptera were by far the most common insects taken in light-trap samples and constituted a major portion of the diet throughout the summer. Coleoptera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, Ephemeroptera and Neuroptera were also consumed in appreciable numbers. Comparison of dietary composition with prey availability indicates that pregnant bats consumed 3-10 mm prey in approximate proportions encountered during June when insect availability was low and unpredictable. Lactating, postlactating and nonreproductive .female..female. exhibited more selective feeding in July when insects were more abundant. This increase in selectivity reflected exploitation of beetles and mayflies, which were uncommon in trap samples. In Aug. juveniles approximated random feeding patterns as they learned to forage. Increased resource availbility allowed selective feeding in adult bats during July, as predicted by prey selection models. Reduced discriminatory abilities may prevent similar levels of prey selection in juveniles.