Early events in rabies virus infection-Attachment, entry, and intracellular trafficking
Early events in rabies virus infection-Attachment, entry, and intracellular trafficking
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狂犬病病毒感染的早期事件——附着、进入和细胞内贩运
DOI：
10.1016/j.virusres.2019.02.006
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发表时间：
2019-04-02
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Zhang, Maolin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guo, Yidi;Duan, Ming;Zhang, Maolin
狂犬病病毒（Rabies virus，RABV）是弹状病毒科（Rhabdoviridae）狂犬病病毒属（Lysavirus）的模式种，是一种单股负义RNA病毒。嗜神经性狂犬病病毒（RABV）是狂犬病的病原体，病死率接近100%，严重威胁着全球公共卫生。尽管人们对病毒感染周期的分子机制进行了大量的研究，但仍有许多方面需要阐明，特别是对病毒复制周期的早期事件。随着多种先进技术的应用，这些方面取得了很大的进展。迄今为止，已经鉴定了多种受体，如nAChR、NCAM、p75 NTR、mGluR 2、碳水化合物和神经节苷脂。在初始附着后，RABV内化在肌动蛋白的帮助下通过网格蛋白介导的内吞作用（CME）发生。病毒进入后，发生细胞内运输。已经提出了两种逆行运输模型，即整个病毒粒子被包裹到囊泡中或仅运输病毒衣壳。此外，完整的包膜病毒粒子或含G囊泡相关的核糖核蛋白（RNP）可能会形成在顺行运输，这仍然是不好的特点，但重要的病毒出芽。结合阐明RABV附着、进入和细胞内运输的分子机制的数据，该综述提供了病毒生命周期早期事件的综合观点。
Rabies virus (RABV), an enveloped virus with a single-stranded and negative-sense RNA genome, is the type species of the Lyssavirus Genus within the Rhabdoviridae family. As the causative agent of rabies with a nearly 100% fatality, the neurotropic RABV pose a serious threat to the global public health. Though a great effort has been made toward understanding the molecular mechanism underlying virus infection cycle, there are still many aspects need to be elucidated, especially on the early events during virus replication cycle. With the application of the multiple advanced technologies, much progress has been made on these aspects. To date, multiple receptors, such as nAChR, NCAM, p75NTR, mGluR2, carbohydrates, and gangliosides, have been identified. Following initial attachment, RABV internalization occurs through clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) with the help of actin. After viral entry, intracellular trafficking occurs. Two retrograde trafficking models, stating that either whole virions are parceled into vesicles or only the viral capsids are transported, have been proposed. Moreover, complete enveloped virions or G-containing vesicle-associated ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) may be formed during anterograde transport, which remains poorly characterized but is important for viral budding. Combining the data elucidating the molecular mechanisms of RABV attachment, entry, and intracellular trafficking, this review provides an integrated view of the early events in the viral life cycle.