Insect-specific flaviviruses, a worldwide widespread group of viruses only detected in insects
Insect-specific flaviviruses, a worldwide widespread group of viruses only detected in insects
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DOI：
10.1016/j.meegid.2015.07.032
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Dottori, Michele
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Calzolari, Mattia;Ze-Ze, Libia;Dottori, Michele
几种黄病毒是人类和动物的重要病原体（登革热病毒、日本脑炎病毒、黄热病病毒、蜱传脑炎病毒、西尼罗河病毒）。近年来，在世界范围内的自然蚊子种群中分离出许多新的和相关的黄病毒，但其致病能力未知。然而，系统发育研究表明，这些病毒的基因组序列与其他黄病毒不同。此外，这些病毒似乎不包括昆虫（它们似乎不生长在脊椎动物细胞系上），并且已经被定义为仅蚊子黄病毒或昆虫特异性黄病毒。这些病毒中至少有11种在世界范围内被分离出来，在几种蚊子中检测到了其他11种推定病毒的序列。这些病毒的大部分循环并不为人所知，它们在环境中的持久性也知之甚少。这些病毒在世界范围内的各种不同蚊子物种以及白蛉和摇蚊中检测到;在不同国家（通常在不同大陆）的几种蚊子物种中检测到单一病毒或归因于病毒的遗传物质。此外，这些病毒中的一些是由入侵蚊子携带的，似乎并没有对他们的fitness有抑制作用，全球分布和新病毒在这组中的不断检测指出，可能低估了他们的数量，并提出了有趣的问题，他们可能与致病性黄病毒的相互作用，以及他们对节肢动物宿主的生物学的影响。一些神秘的特征，如它们在蚊子基因组中的整合，在野外收集的蚊子中以DNA形式识别它们的遗传物质，或在蚊子和白蛉中检测到相同的病毒，表明这些病毒的循环具有未知的特征，这些特征可能有助于更深入地了解相关致病性黄病毒的循环。(C)2015爱思唯尔B. V.保留所有权利。
Several flaviviruses are important pathogens for humans and animals (Dengue viruses, Japanese encephalitis virus, Yellow-fever virus, Tick-borne encephalitis virus, West Nile virus). In recent years, numerous novel and related flaviviruses without known pathogenic capacity have been isolated worldwide in the natural mosquito population. However, phylogenetic studies have shown that genomic sequences of these viruses diverge from other flaviviruses. Moreover, these viruses seem to be exclusive of insects (they do not seem to grow on vertebrate cell lines), and were already defined as mosquito-only flaviviruses or insect-specific flaviviruses. At least eleven of these viruses were isolated worldwide, and sequences ascribable to other eleven putative viruses were detected in several mosquito species. A large part of the cycle of these viruses is not well known, and their persistence in the environment is poorly understood. These viruses are detected in a wide variety of distinct mosquito species and also in sandflies and chironomids worldwide; a single virus, or the genetic material ascribable to a virus, was detected in several mosquito species in different countries, often in different continents. Furthermore, some of these viruses are carried by invasive mosquitoes, and do not seem to have a depressive action on their fitness.The global distribution and the continuous detection of new viruses in this group point out the likely underestimation of their number, and raise interesting issues about their possible interactions with the pathogenic flaviviruses, and their influence on the bionomics of arthropod hosts. Some enigmatic features, as their integration in the mosquito genome, the recognition of their genetic material in DNA forms in field-collected mosquitoes, or the detection of the same virus in both mosquitoes and sandflies, indicate that the cycle of these viruses has unknown characteristics that could be of use to reach a deeper understanding of the cycle of related pathogenic flaviviruses. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.