Biogeographical distribution and diversity of microbes in methane hydrate-bearing deep marine sediments, on the Pacific Ocean Margin
Biogeographical distribution and diversity of microbes in methane hydrate-bearing deep marine sediments, on the Pacific Ocean Margin
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0511033103
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发表时间：
2006-02-21
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Jorgensen, BB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Inagaki, F;Nunoura, T;Jorgensen, BB
深海海底生物圈是地球上最不为人所知的生境之一，尽管其中巨大的微生物生物量在长期控制全球生物地球化学循环方面发挥着重要作用。本文报道了太平洋边缘深埋海洋沉积物中微生物的垂直和地理分布及其系统发育差异。在大洋钻探计划第201和204航段期间，我们从秘鲁和卡斯卡迪亚边缘获得了沉积物岩心，这些岩心的溶解甲烷和甲烷水合物的存在情况各不相同。为了研究有或没有甲烷水合物的沉积物中原核生物分布模式的差异，我们研究了来自两个地理上分离的海底下环境的具有16 S rRNA基因部分序列（400-500 bp）的2,800多个克隆和348个代表性克隆序列（约1 kbp）。在与甲烷水合物有关的沉积物中，未开发的深海古生物群的古生物一直是主要的古生物类型。缺乏甲烷水合物的沉积物岩心显示很少或没有深海海底群的沉积物类型。含甲烷水合物沉积物中的细菌群落主要由JS 1组，浮游菌，和Chloroflexi的成员。聚类和主成分分析的结果，其中包括以前报道的数据从西太平洋和东太平洋边缘，表明，在太平洋这些位置，原核生物群落从甲烷水合物轴承沉积物芯是不同的水合物的核心。认识到哪些微生物群体在独特的海底环境下占主导地位，是确定这些群落在地球基本生物地球化学过程中所起作用的重要一步。
The deep subseafloor biosphere is among the least-understood habitats on Earth, even though the huge microbial biomass therein plays an important role for potential long-term controls on global biogeochemical cycles. We report here the vertical and geographical distribution of microbes and their phylogenetic diversities in deeply buried marine sediments of the Pacific Ocean Margins. During the Ocean Drilling Program Legs 201 and 204, we obtained sediment cores from the Peru and Cascadia Margins that varied with respect to the presence of dissolved methane and methane hydrate. To examine differences in prokaryotic distribution patterns in sediments with or without methane hydrates, we studied > 2,800 clones possessing partial sequences (400-500 bp) of the 16S rRNA gene and 348 representative clone sequences (approximate to 1 kbp) from the two geographically separated subseafloor environments. Archaea of the uncultivated Deep-Sea Archaeal Group were consistently the dominant phylotype in sediments associated with methane hydrate. Sediment cores lacking methane hydrates displayed few or no Deep-Sea Archaeal Group phylotypes. Bacterial communities in the methane hydrate-bearing sediments were dominated by members of the JS1 group, Planctomycetes, and Chloroflexi. Results from cluster and principal component analyses, which include previously reported data from the West and East Pacific Margins, suggest that, For these locations in the Pacific Ocean, prokaryotic communities from methane hydrate-bearing sediment cores are distinct from those in hydrate-free cores. The recognition of which microbial groups prevail under distinctive subseafloor environments is a significant step toward determining the role these communities play in Earth's essential biogeochemical processes.