PAHs in the Chinese environment: levels, inventory mass, source and toxic potency assessment.
PAHs in the Chinese environment: levels, inventory mass, source and toxic potency assessment.
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DOI：
10.1039/c3em00070b
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发表时间：
2013-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ji-Zhong Wang;Chengzhu Zhu;Tian-hu Chen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ji-Zhong Wang;Chengzhu Zhu;Tian-hu Chen
本文通过对我国4种主要环境介质（空气、水、土壤和沉积物）中14种多环芳烃（美国EPA列出的16种优先考虑的多环芳烃中不包括萘和苊）的含量、库存量、排放源和暴露风险进行了系统而初步的研究。通过大量的研究，将中国大气、土壤、淡水、海水、淡水沉积物和海洋沉积物中多环芳烃的浓度与全球多环芳烃浓度范围（GCR）进行了比较。空气中多环芳烃的浓度处于GCR的高端，水体中多环芳烃的浓度处于GCR的中上部，土壤和沉积物中多环芳烃的浓度处于GCR的中部。这表明中国的多环芳烃排放量仍然很大。在中国，估计约有53万吨的14PAH分布在这四种介质中。土壤中多环芳烃含量最高（60%），空气中含量最低（<0.5%）。因此，土壤和沉积物对多环芳烃的储存起着重要的作用。各种来源的多环芳烃排放量超过1万吨。能源供应中多环芳烃的主要排放源为木柴、秸秆、生活和焦化。采用基于苯并[a]芘（BaP）的危害商数（HQ）评价了苯并[a]芘暴露的潜在毒性。陆地水环境被发现有一个高的BaP暴露。58%的淡水样品和39%的淡水沉积物样品的HQ值大于1。城市和发达地区被认为具有较高的BaP暴露风险。
This paper presents a systematic but preliminary study on the levels, inventory mass, emission sources and risk of exposure to PAHs in China by examining 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (from the 16 priority PAHs listed by the U.S. EPA, excluding naphthalene and acenaphthylene) in four main environmental media (air, water, soil and sediment). The concentration of individual PAHs in the air, soil, freshwater, seawater, freshwater sediment and marine sediment of China was compared with the global concentration range (GCR) of PAHs from a large number of studies. The PAH levels were found at the high end of the GCR in the air, at the upper middle of the GCR in the water body, and at the middle of the GCR in the soil and sediment. These indicate that PAHs still are emitted heavily in China. About 530 000 tons of Σ14PAH was estimated to be distributed into these four media in China. Soil possesses the highest proportion of the PAHs (60%), and the air has the lowest proportion (<0.5%). Therefore, the soil and sediment play an important role in the storage of PAHs. More than 10 thousand tons of PAHs are emitted from all kinds of sources. Firewood, straw, domestic and coking were considered as the main emissions of PAHs in the energy supply. A benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) based hazard quotient (HQ) was introduced to assess the potential toxic risk of exposure. The terrestrial water environment was found to have a high BaP exposure. The HQ value was more than 1 for 58% of freshwater and 39% of freshwater sediment samples. Urban and developed sites were considered to have high BaP exposure risk.