Mosquito-borne diseases.
Mosquito-borne diseases.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cppeds.2009.01.001
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发表时间：
2009-04-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Tolle, Michael A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tolle, Michael A
尽管经过几个世纪的努力，蚊媒疾病仍在世界范围内猖獗。这些疾病对儿童和青少年的影响尤为严重，导致全球发病率和死亡率很高。疟疾每年导致超过 100 万儿童死亡，其中主要发生在撒哈拉以南非洲地区。登革热病毒在过去几十年里扩大了其传播范围，跟随其主要媒介埃及伊蚊回到了 20 世纪中叶被消灭的地区，并引起了出血热的广泛流行。过去10年，西尼罗河病毒在整个美洲流行，而基孔肯雅病毒在印度洋盆地和亚洲大陆出现，影响了数百万人。日本脑炎病毒的传播范围也扩大到印度次大陆和澳大利亚，主要影响幼儿。另一方面，丝虫病正在消退，这是全球根除运动的主题。在流行地区限制蚊媒疾病影响的努力面临着控制蚊子数量和提供有效的公共卫生干预措施的双重挑战。前往蚊媒疾病流行地区的旅行者需要有关防蚊、免疫和疟疾预防的特别建议。
Despite centuries of control efforts, mosquito-borne diseases are flourishing worldwide. With a disproportionate effect on children and adolescents, these conditions are responsible for substantial global morbidity and mortality. Malaria kills more than 1 million children annually, chiefly in sub-Saharan Africa. Dengue virus has expanded its range over the past several decades, following its principal vector, Aedes aegypti, back into regions from which it was eliminated in the mid-20th century and causing widespread epidemics of hemorrhagic fever. West Nile virus has become endemic throughout the Americas in the past 10 years, while chikungunya virus has emerged in the Indian Ocean basin and mainland Asia to affect millions. Japanese encephalitis virus, too, has expanded its range in the Indian subcontinent and Australasia, mainly affecting young children. Filariasis, on the other hand, is on the retreat, the subject of a global eradication campaign. Efforts to limit the effect of mosquito-borne diseases in endemic areas face the twin challenges of controlling mosquito populations and delivering effective public health interventions. Travelers to areas endemic for mosquito-borne diseases require special advice on mosquito avoidance, immunizations, and malaria prophylaxis.