Multiscale gigapixel photography
Multiscale gigapixel photography
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DOI：
10.1038/nature11150
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发表时间：
2012-06-21
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Feller, S. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brady, D. J.;Gehm, M. E.;Feller, S. D.
像素数是摄像机视野内的立体角度与单个探测器元件覆盖的立体角度的比率。由于最小可分辨像素的大小与孔径成正比，而最大视场与尺度无关，因此衍射极限像素数与孔径面积成正比。目前，对于毫米级光圈，数码相机工作在100-1000万像素的基本极限附近，但对于厘米级光圈而言，很少有数码相机接近相应的100-100亿像素的极限。高像素数成像的障碍包括依赖于比例的几何像差、千兆像素传感器阵列的成本和复杂性，以及千兆像素图像管理的计算和通信挑战。在这里，我们描述了Aware-2相机，它使用16 mm的入射光圈以每分钟3帧的速度捕捉1G像素的快照图像。Aware-2使用平行的微相机阵列，将千兆像素成像的问题减少到百万像素成像的问题，后者更容易处理。在传统设计的相机中，镜头速度和视场会随着镜头比例的增加而降低(1)，但在这里描述的实验系统中，我们证实了先前的理论结果(2-6)，即在分辨率高达50G像素的基于微型相机的成像器中，镜头速度和视场可以与比例无关。无处不在的10亿像素相机可能会将摄影的核心挑战从相机指向哪里的问题转变为如何挖掘数据的问题。
Pixel count is the ratio of the solid angle within a camera's field of view to the solid angle covered by a single detector element. Because the size of the smallest resolvable pixel is proportional to aperture diameter and the maximum field of view is scale independent, the diffraction-limited pixel count is proportional to aperture area. At present, digital cameras operate near the fundamental limit of 1-10 megapixels for millimetre-scale apertures, but few approach the corresponding limits of 1-100 gigapixels for centimetre-scale apertures. Barriers to high-pixel-count imaging include scale-dependent geometric aberrations, the cost and complexity of gigapixel sensor arrays, and the computational and communications challenge of gigapixel image management. Here we describe the AWARE-2 camera, which uses a 16-mm entrance aperture to capture snapshot, one-gigapixel images at three frames per minute. AWARE-2 uses a parallel array of microcameras to reduce the problems of gigapixel imaging to those of megapixel imaging, which are more tractable. In cameras of conventional design, lens speed and field of view decrease as lens scale increases(1), but with the experimental system described here we confirm previous theoretical results(2-6) suggesting that lens speed and field of view can be scale independent in microcamera-based imagers resolving up to 50 gigapixels. Ubiquitous gigapixel cameras may transform the central challenge of photography from the question of where to point the camera to that of how to mine the data.