Tear lipocalin: structure and function.

Tear lipocalin: structure and function.
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DOI:
10.1016/s1542-0124(11)70022-2
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发表时间:
2011-07
期刊:
影响因子:
6.4
通讯作者:
Dartt, Darlene A.
Dartt, Darlene A.
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dartt, Darlene A.

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脂质运载蛋白是一类在细胞外发挥作用的低分子量蛋白质。它们使用多种识别特性,包括:1)配体与小疏水分子结合,2)大分子与其他可溶性大分子复合,以及3)与特定细胞表面受体结合以递送货物。泪液脂质运载蛋白(TLC)是泪液中的主要蛋白质,并且具有大的配体结合腔,其允许脂质运载蛋白结合广泛且多样的亲脂性分子组。TLC还可以结合大分子,包括泪液蛋白质乳铁蛋白和溶菌酶。TLC结合的受体被称为泪液脂质运载蛋白相互作用膜受体(LMR)。LIMR似乎通过内吞作用起作用。TLC在泪液中具有多种建议的功能,包括调节泪液粘度、脂质的结合和释放、病毒DNA的核酸内切酶灭活、微生物铁载体(用于将必需铁递送至细菌的铁螯合剂)的结合、用作干眼的生物标志物以及具有抗炎活性。需要进一步研究以确定TLC在泪液中的实际功能以及其受体在眼表面上的存在。
Lipocalins are a family of diverse low molecular weight proteins that act extracellularly. They use multiple recognition properties that include: 1) ligand binding to small hydrophobic molecules, 2) macromolecular complexation with other soluble macromolecules, and 3) binding to specific cell surface receptors to deliver cargo. Tear lipocalin (TLC) is a major protein in tears and has a large ligand binding cavity that allows the lipocalin to bind an extensive and diverse set of lipophilic molecules. TLC can also bind to macromolecules including the tear proteins lactoferin and lysozyme. The receptor to which TLC binds is termed tear lipocalin interacting membrane receptor (LIMR). LIMR appears to work by endocytosis. TLC has a variety of suggested functions in tears including regulation of tear viscosity, binding and release of lipids, endonuclease inactivation of viral DNA, binding of microbial siderophores (iron chelators used to deliver essential iron to bacteria), use as a biomarker for dry eye, and possession of anti-inflammatory activity. Additional research is warranted to determine the actual functions of TLC in tears and the presence of its receptor on the ocular surface.
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