NUTRIENT-UPTAKE IN MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS
NUTRIENT-UPTAKE IN MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00000098
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发表时间：
1994-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
DELL, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MARSCHNER, H;DELL, B
菌根真菌的作用，在收购的矿质营养物质的寄主植物进行检查三组菌根。这些是：外生菌根（ECM），杜鹃花菌根（EM），和泡囊丛枝菌根（VAM）。菌根侵染可以通过真菌吸收养分促进植物生长直接影响植物的矿质营养，也可以通过改变蒸腾速率和根际微生物区系组成间接影响植物的矿质营养。P（VAM，EM，ECM）、NH 4+（VAM，EM，ECM）、NO 3-（ECM）、K（VAM，ECM）、Ca（VAM，EM）、SO 4 2-（VAM）、Cu（VAM）、Zn（VAM）和Fe（EM）。在实验室中，VAM的外部菌丝可以提供高达80%的植物P，25%的植物N，10%的植物K，25%的植物Zn和60%的植物Cu。菌根在吸收除P和N以外的营养物质中的作用的知识是有限的，因为确定性的研究很少，特别是对于ECM。虽然需要进一步的量化，它是可行的，外部菌丝可以提供一个显着的输送系统的N，K，Cu和Zn除了在许多土壤中的P。ECM和VAM真菌对寄主植物的Mg、B和Fe营养有重要贡献的说法尚未得到证实，ECM和EM真菌产生胞外酶，为寄主植物提供VAM真菌或非菌根根通常无法获得的有机N和P形式。这些营养源的相对贡献需要在field.Further的基础研究，包括土壤中真菌菌丝的养分吸收和运输的量化和真菌-植物界面的调节，是必不可少的，以支持在商业规模上选择和利用菌根真菌。
The role of mycorrhizal fungi in acquisition of mineral nutrients by host plants is examined for three groups of mycorrhizas. These are; the ectomycorrhizas (ECM), the ericoid mycorrhizas (EM), and the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas (VAM). Mycorrhizal infection may affect the mineral nutrition of the host plant directly by enhancing plant growth through nutrient acquisition by the fungus, or indirectly by modifying transpiration rates and the composition of rhizosphere microflora.A capacity for the external hyphae to take up and deliver nutrients to the plant has been demonstrated for the following nutrients and mycorrhizas; P (VAM, EM, ECM), NH4+ (VAM, EM, ECM), NO3- (ECM), K (VAM, ECM), Ca (VAM, EM), SO42- (VAM), Cu (VAM), Zn (VAM) and Fe (EM). In experimental chambers, the external hyphae of VAM can deliver up to 80% of plant P, 25% of plant N, 10% of plant K, 25% of plant Zn and 60% of plant Cu. Knowledge of the role of mycorrhiza in the uptake of nutrients other than P and N is limited because definitive studies are few, especially for the ECM. Although further quantification is required, it is feasible that the external hyphae may provide a significant delivery system for N, K, Cu and Zn in addition to P in many soils. Proposals that ECM and VAM fungi contribute substantially to the Mg, B and Fe nutrition of the host plant have not been substantiated.ECM and EM fungi produce ectoenzymes which provide host plants with the potential to access organic N and P forms that are normally unavailable to VAM fungi or to non mycorrhizal roots. The relative contribution of these nutrient sources requires quantification in the field.Further basic research, including the quantification of nutrient uptake and transport by fungal hyphae in soil and regulation at the fungal-plant interface, is essential to support the selection and utilization of mycorrhizal fungi on a commercial scale.