Different glassmaking technologies in the production of Iron Age black glass from Italy and Slovakia
Different glassmaking technologies in the production of Iron Age black glass from Italy and Slovakia
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DOI：
10.1007/s12520-016-0366-4
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发表时间：
2018-04-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Blomme, Annelore
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Conte, Sonia;Arletti, Rossella;Blomme, Annelore
本研究介绍了对来自博洛尼亚、库迈和波佐利（意大利）以及乔廷（斯洛伐克）的 75 颗可追溯到公元前 9-5 世纪的黑色玻璃珠进行的考古调查结果。对来自博洛尼亚的精选样品进行的主量元素、微量元素和痕量元素以及 Sr 和 Nd 同位素分析，为意大利（泡碱玻璃，可能产于埃及）和斯洛伐克（木灰玻璃，可能产于欧洲）发现的铁器时代黑玻璃的两种不同生产技术提供了证据。在这两种情况下，玻璃的黑色源自于高含量的铁（约 12% FeO），通过有意选择深色沙子将铁引入到玻璃批次中。该生产模式似乎是小规模和实验性的，其特点是使用未分类的原材料和不明确的配方，生产出化学变异性较高的玻璃。直到中世纪时期，木灰技术似乎已在欧洲不再使用，而泡碱生产迅速蔓延，并在整个地中海地区占据主导地位。
This study presents the results of an archaeometrical investigation performed on 75 black glass beads dated to the ninth-fifth century BC coming from Bologna, Cumae, and Pozzuoli (Italy), and Chotin (Slovakia). The analyses of the major, minor, and trace elements-as well as that of Sr and Nd isotopes performed on a selection of samples coming from Bologna-provided evidence for two different production technologies in Iron Age black glass found in Italy (natron glass, probably produced in Egypt) and Slovakia (wood ash glass, probably produced in Europe). In both cases, the glasses derive their black colouration from the high presence of iron (around 12 % FeO), introduced into the glass batches through the intentional choice of dark sands. The production model appears to be small-scale and experimental, characterised by the use of non-sorted raw materials and poorly defined formulae, producing glass with a high chemical variability. The wood ash technology appears to have dropped out of use in Europe until the Medieval period, while natron production spread quickly, becoming predominant throughout the Mediterranean.