Store-operated calcium channels in skin.
Store-operated calcium channels in skin.
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DOI：
10.3389/fphys.2022.1033528
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
4
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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皮肤是一个复杂的器官，充当抵御外部环境的保护层。它保护内部组织免受有害物质、脱水、紫外线辐射和身体伤害，并赋予体温调节控制、感觉、免疫监视和各种生化功能。构成皮肤的多种细胞类型包括： 1) 角质形成细胞，形成大部分保护性外层； 2）黑色素细胞，通过分泌黑色素来保护身体免受紫外线辐射； 3) 形成分泌附属物的细胞：小汗腺、顶浆汗腺以及皮脂腺。新出现的证据表明，钙库操纵的 Ca2+ 进入 (SOCE)（即细胞内 Ca2+ 储存的消耗触发 Ca2+ 跨质膜流入）对于这些细胞的正常生理机能以及皮肤功能至关重要。许多皮肤病，包括皮炎、无汗性外胚层发育不良、多汗症、脱发和癌症，现在都与 SOCE 蛋白功能障碍有关。其中最主要的是感知 Ca2+ 消耗的基质相互作用分子 (STIM) 和介导 Ca2+ 流入的 Orai 通道。在这篇综述中，我们在角质形成细胞分化、黑素生成和小汗腺汗液分泌的背景下讨论了 STIM、Orai 和其他存储操纵通道的作用。我们不仅探索 STIM1-Orai1 作为 SOCE 的驱动因素，而且探索 STIM 的独立作用，以及源自其活动的新兴信号级联。讨论了角质形成细胞中难以捉摸的瞬时受体电位经典通道 (TRPC) 复合体、黑素细胞中 Ca2+-环 AMP 信号串扰中的 Orai 通道以及小汗腺分泌中的 Orai 亚型的作用。
The skin is a complex organ that acts as a protective layer against the external environment. It protects the internal tissues from harmful agents, dehydration, ultraviolet radiation and physical injury as well as conferring thermoregulatory control, sensation, immunological surveillance and various biochemical functions. The diverse cell types that make up the skin include 1) keratinocytes, which form the bulk of the protective outer layer; 2) melanocytes, which protect the body from ultraviolet radiation by secreting the pigment melanin; and 3) cells that form the secretory appendages: eccrine and apocrine sweat glands, and the sebaceous gland. Emerging evidence suggests that store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), whereby depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores triggers Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane, is central to the normal physiology of these cells and thus skin function. Numerous skin pathologies including dermatitis, anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, hyperhidrosis, hair loss and cancer are now linked to dysfunction in SOCE proteins. Principal amongst these are the stromal interaction molecules (STIMs) that sense Ca2+ depletion and Orai channels that mediate Ca2+ influx. In this review, the roles of STIM, Orai and other store-operated channels are discussed in the context of keratinocyte differentiation, melanogenesis, and eccrine sweat secretion. We explore not only STIM1-Orai1 as drivers of SOCE, but also independent actions of STIM, and emerging signal cascades stemming from their activities. Roles are discussed for the elusive transient receptor potential canonical channel (TRPC) complex in keratinocytes, Orai channels in Ca2+-cyclic AMP signal crosstalk in melanocytes, and Orai isoforms in eccrine sweat gland secretion.
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