Timing matters: Temporal dynamics of stress effects on memory retrieval
Timing matters: Temporal dynamics of stress effects on memory retrieval
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DOI：
10.3758/s13415-014-0256-0
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Wolf, Oliver T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schwabe, Lars;Wolf, Oliver T.
压力可能会损害记忆的恢复。这种检索障碍归因于应激激素皮质醇的作用，应激激素在遇到压力后会延迟几分钟释放。因此，大多数研究在应激后20-30分钟测试记忆恢复，此时应激引起的皮质醇增加达到峰值。在本实验中，我们研究了在应激后是否也会出现检索障碍。为此，参与者在第一天学习了一系列单词。24小时后，他们首先暴露在压力源或非压力控制操作中，然后立即，25分钟后或90分钟后完成对单词的识别测试。我们的研究结果表明，当压力源过后，在皮质醇水平升高之前立即对记忆进行测试时，压力不会损害记忆的恢复。然而，在应激后25分钟，当皮质醇水平达到峰值时，以及应激后90分钟，当皮质醇水平已经回到基线时，检索性能受损。应激后90 min的检索损伤比应激后25 min的检索损伤更严重。这些发现表明，压力对检索性能的不利影响可能比通常认为的持续时间更长。
Stress may impair memory retrieval. This retrieval impairment has been attributed to the action of the stress hormone cortisol, which is released with a delay of several minutes after a stressful encounter. Hence, most studies tested memory retrieval 20-30 min after stress, when the stress-induced cortisol increase peaks. In the present experiment, we investigated whether retrieval impairments can also be found at later intervals after stress. To this end, participants learned a list of words on day 1. Twenty-four hours later, they were first exposed to a stressor or a nonstressful control manipulation and completed a recognition test for the words either immediately thereafter, 25 min later, or 90 min later. Our findings showed that stress did not impair memory retrieval when memory was tested immediately after the stressor, before cortisol levels were elevated. However, retrieval performance was impaired 25 min after stress, when cortisol levels peaked, as well as 90 min after the stressor, when cortisol levels had already returned to baseline. The retrieval impairment 90 min after stress appeared to be even stronger than the one after 25 min. These findings suggest that the detrimental effects of stress on retrieval performance may last longer than is usually assumed.