Laboratory characterization of firebrands involved in spot fires
Laboratory characterization of firebrands involved in spot fires
复制标题
参与现场火灾的火源的实验室特征
DOI：
10.1007/s13595-011-0056-4
复制
发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
J. A. Vega
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Ganteaume;M. Guijarro;M. Jappiot;C. Hernando;C. Lampin;P. Pérez;J. A. Vega
摘要·简介野火被认为是地中海盆地最重要的干扰，有些野火由于火把的升空和点燃而传播到很长的距离。·目的为了提高我们对参与发现火灾的火把的认识，在实验室条件下测定了南欧野火通常产生的8种火把的可燃性特征。结果所测试的燃烧剂均表现出100%的着火频率，但着火时间和燃烧持续时间的变化范围较大。燃烧过程中的重量损失与时间呈指数关系，温度T下的重量与初始重量的比率随着温度的升高而降低。在我们的实验条件下，有一个显着的影响，燃料的水分含量的点火时间，火焰持续时间，燃烧和热分解。根据分析的特征，确定了三种与发现有关的火把组：具有持续火焰能力的重型火把，有效的远距离发现火把，（松果）;具有高表面积与体积比的轻型燃烧器，短距离有效（叶子和薄树皮）;以及具有低表面积与体积比的轻型火条，其对于短距离和偶尔长距离的点样有效（所有其他类型的火条）。
Abstract• IntroductionWildfires are considered the most important disturbance in the Mediterranean Basin, and some are propagated over long distances due to lift-off and ignition of firebrands.• ObjectivesTo improve our knowledge of firebrands involved in spotting fires, flammability characteristics of eight types of firebrands commonly generated by wildfires in Southern Europe were determined under laboratory conditions.• ResultsAll the firebrands tested showed 100% ignition frequency but with a wide range of time to ignition and flaming duration. Weight loss during combustion was exponentially related to time, and there was a decrease in the ratio of the weight at temperature T to the initial weight with increasing temperatures. In our experimental conditions, there was a significant effect of fuel moisture content on time to ignition, flaming duration, combustion and thermal decomposition. On the basis of the characteristics analysed, three firebrand groups have been identified in relation to spotting: heavy firebrands with ability to sustain flames, efficient for long-distance spotting (pine cones); light firebrands with high surface-to-volume ratio, efficient for short-distance spotting (leaves and thin barks); and light firebrands with low surface-to-volume ratio, efficient for short and, occasionally, long-distance spotting (all the other types of firebands).