The epidemiology of acute and chronic hepatitis C.
The epidemiology of acute and chronic hepatitis C.
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DOI：
10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70321-4
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发表时间：
1997-11-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Alter, M J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alter, M J
虽然新获得的急性丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染的发病率已经下降，但估计有390万美国人慢性感染HCV，其中大多数是年轻人，他们将在未来10至20年内面临感染严重后果的风险。随着时间的推移，与HCV传播相关的两种最常见暴露的相对重要性发生了变化。输血在10年前获得的HCV感染中占很大比例，但在最近获得的感染中只占一小部分。相比之下，注射毒品的使用占了很大一部分的HCV感染在遥远的过去和最近。性暴露，特别是在慢性丙型肝炎患者中，可能占HCV传播的10%至20%。医生和其他卫生保健专业人员不仅需要接受有关HCV感染患者的适当医疗管理的教育，而且还需要了解HCV感染的已知和潜在风险，需要从患者中确定完整的风险行为史，对高风险患者的感染证据进行适当评估，以及预防建议。
Although the incidence of newly acquired acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has declined, an estimated 3.9 million Americans are chronically infected with HCV, most of whom are young adults who will be at risk of the severe consequences of their infection in the next 10 to 20 years. The relative importance of the two most common exposures associated with the transmission of HCV has changed over time. Blood transfusions, which account for a substantial proportion of HCV infections acquired more than 10 years ago, account for only a small portion of recently acquired infections. In contrast, injection drug use has accounted for a substantial portion of HCV infections during both the remote and recent past. Sexual exposures, which have been poorly ascertained particularly among patients with chronic hepatitis C, may account for 10% to 20% of HCV transmissions. Physicians and other health care professionals need to be educated not only about the appropriate medical management of HCV infected patients, but also about the known and potential risks for HCV infection, the need to ascertain complete risk behavior histories from their patients, the appropriate evaluation of high-risk patients for evidence of infections, and the recommendations for prevention.