The new media and the evolution of the human psyche
The new media and the evolution of the human psyche
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新媒体与人类心理的演变
DOI：
10.11621/pir.2018.02011
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Pronina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Pronina
背景新媒体--互联网和社交网络--的出现不仅对媒体技术、新闻类型和记者工作环境产生了巨大影响，而且对全球传播的每一位用户也产生了巨大影响。当前的变化正在将其影响扩展到所有媒体，这使得研究者必须重新考虑新闻在现代社会中的作用及其在信息时代的发展前景。Objective.为了充分了解正在发生的变化，我们需要了解新媒体如何影响其用户。我们研究了人们的自我认同（价值观）对互联网活动和社交网络使用的依赖性。我们的假设是，新媒体的使用导致了一种新的人格类型的形成，其中最明显的特征是对自决的强烈渴望。设计通过被试选择参照群体，研究被试自我认同的特征。他们对自决的渴望是通过给他们带来伦理困境来表现的。研究者设计了一份调查问卷来研究他们的交际偏好和态度。各种数学分析方法被应用。结果因素分析揭示了两种不同的心理类型的人，他们使用新媒体的程度与其他人不同。对群体比较数据的统计分析表明，活跃用户的自决愿望要高得多，特别是那些坚持精神价值观的人（马斯洛金字塔）。双向方差分析证实了这两个因素-精神价值和新媒体-对自决愿望的总体影响。结论所获得的数据表明，新媒体支持人们的自决愿望。使用新媒体，从而获得记者的身份，成为个性发展的一个重要因素，符合心理的普遍演变。
Background. The emergence of the new media — the Internet and social networks — has had a considerable impact not only on media technologies, genres of journalism, and environment the journalist works in, but also on every user of global communication. Ongoing changes are extending their influence to all the media, making it important for researchers to reconsider the role of journalism in modern society and the perspectives of its development in the information age. Objective. In order to get an adequate picture of the ongoing changes, we need to understand how the new media impact their users. We studied the dependence of people’s self-identification (values) on their Internet activity and use of social networks. Our hypothesis was that use of the new media leads to the formation of a new personality type, among whose most distinct characteristics is a much stronger desire for selfdetermination. Design. The characteristic features of respondents’ self-identification were studied by their choosing a reference group. Their desire for self-determination was revealed by giving them ethical dilemmas. A questionnaire was devised to study their communicative preferences and attitudes. Various methods of mathematical analysis were applied. Results. Factor analysis revealed two psychological types of people, different from others in how much they use the new media. Statistical analyses of the group comparison data showed that the desire for self-determination is considerably higher for active users, and is especially high for those who adhere to spiritual values (by the Maslow pyramid). A two-way ANOVA confirmed the overall effect of these two factors — spiritual values and the new media — on the desire for self-determination. Conclusion. The data obtained show that the new media support people’s desire for self-determination. Using the new media and thereby acquiring the identify of a journalist becomes an important factor of personality development and is in line with the general evolution of the psyche.