The effects of driving with different levels of unreliable automation on self-reported workload and secondary task performance
The effects of driving with different levels of unreliable automation on self-reported workload and secondary task performance
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DOI：
10.1504/ijvd.2016.076736
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
Mistry, H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Winter, J. C. F.;Stanton, N. A.;Mistry, H.
在自动驾驶汽车功能完美之前，当自动驾驶出现故障或达到功能极限时，司机将不得不接管控制权。进行了两个模拟器实验（N = 24和27），每个实验测试了从手动控制（MC）到高度自动驾驶的四种自动化水平。在这两个实验中，参与者大约每3分钟经历一次需要干预的事件。参与者在开车时进行二次分散注意力任务。与MC相比，自动化通常会提高次要任务的表现，减少自我报告的体力需求和努力。然而，自动速度控制比MC更令人沮丧。当刺激显著时（即停车标志、穿过行人和刹车），参与者对事件反应迅速，但当车辆缓慢行驶时，他们往往无法对自动化故障做出反应。总之，不完美的自动化驾驶会让人沮丧，尽管对精神和身体的要求降低了。
Until automated cars function perfectly, drivers will have to take over control when automation fails or reaches its functional limits. Two simulator experiments (N = 24 and 27) were conducted, each testing four automation levels ranging from manual control (MC) to highly automated driving. In both experiments, participants about once every 3 min experienced an event that required intervention. Participants performed a secondary divided attention task while driving. Automation generally resulted in improved secondary task performance and reduced self-reported physical demand and effort as compared to MC. However, automated speed control was experienced as more frustrating than MC. Participants responded quickly to the events when the stimulus was salient (i.e., stop sign, crossing pedestrian, and braking lead car), but often failed to react to an automation failure when their vehicle was driving slowly. In conclusion, driving with imperfect automation can be frustrating, even though mental and physical demands are reduced.