The value of high-resolution nutrient monitoring: A case study of the River Frome, Dorset, UK
The value of high-resolution nutrient monitoring: A case study of the River Frome, Dorset, UK
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.09.015
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发表时间：
2009-11-15
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Neal, Colin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bowes, Michael J.;Smith, Jim T.;Neal, Colin
弗罗姆河的采样时间间隔低于每日。通过年度周期进行额外的风暴采样。分析样品的总磷（TP），可溶性活性磷（SRP），总可氧化氮（TON）和溶解的活性硅（Si）。由此产生的数据集进行人工抽取，以模仿采样频率从12小时到每月的时间间隔。每月采样间隔导致显着的错误，估计每年的TP和SRP负荷分别高达35%和28%，由此产生的数据集不足以观察到的P浓度响应风暴事件的峰值。每周抽样减少了年负荷估计的最大百分比误差为15.4%和6.5%。TON和硅浓度变化较小，随着河流流量的变化，每月采样足以预测年负荷估计在10%以内。然而，调查河内营养动态和行为，建议每周采样间隔将是TON和Si研究所需的最低频率，每日采样将是充分调查磷动态的最低要求。由于减少采样间隔的营养浓度信号的损失。在研究期间的所有32个风暴事件的营养浓度/流量关系的滞后进行了建模和季节性模式进行了讨论，以推断营养源和行为。本研究中的高分辨率监测首次确定了冬季磷浓度的主要峰值，这些峰值与空气温度的突然福尔斯下降相一致，并与生物膜分解有关。本研究表明，为了了解复杂的集水区营养过程，准确量化集水区的营养输出，并观察随着时间的推移营养缓解措施导致的水质变化，必须开始部署新出现的实地自动取样器/分析器技术，以便今后能够对我们的河流进行例行的高分辨率监测。(C)2009爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
The River Frome was sampled at sub-daily sampling interval. with additional storm sampling, through an annual cycle. Samples were analysed for total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total oxidisable nitrogen (TON) and dissolved reactive silicon (Si). The resulting data set was artificially decimated to mimic sampling frequencies from 12 h to monthly time interval. Monthly sampling interval resulted in significant errors in the estimated annual TP and SRP load of up to 35% and 28% respectively, and the resulting data sets were insufficient to observe peaks in P concentration in response to storm events. Weekly sampling reduced the maximum percentage errors in annual load estimate to 15.4% and 6.5%. TON and silicon concentrations were less variable with changing river flow, and monthly sampling was sufficient to predict annual load estimates to within 10%. However, to investigate within-river nutrient dynamics and behaviour, it is suggested that a weekly sampling interval would be the minimum frequency required for TON and Si studies, and daily sampling would be a minimum requirement to adequately investigate phosphorus dynamics. The loss in nutrient-concentration signal due to reduced sampling interval is presented. Hysteresis in the nutrient concentration/flow relationships for all 32 storm events during the study period were modelled and seasonal patterns discussed to infer nutrient sources and behaviour. The high-resolution monitoring in this study identified, for the first time, major peaks in phosphorus concentration in winter that coincide with sudden falls in air temperature, and was associated with biofilm breakdown, This study has shown that to understand complex catchment nutrient processes, accurately quantify nutrient exports from catchments, and observe changes in water quality as a result of nutrient mitigation efforts over time, it is vital that the newly emerging field-based automated sampler/analyzer technologies begin to be deployed, to allow for routine high-resolution monitoring of our rivers in the future. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.