Better Rules or Stronger Communities? On the Social Foundations of Institutional Change and Its Economic Effects
Better Rules or Stronger Communities? On the Social Foundations of Institutional Change and Its Economic Effects
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更好的规则还是更强大的社区？
DOI：
10.1111/j.1944-8287.2006.tb00286.x
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
M. Storper
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Rodríguez‐Pose;M. Storper
摘要关于体制对经济发展的影响的许多文献都侧重于社会和社区之间的权衡，它们是相互对立的体制协调形式。一方面，社会学家、地理学家和一些经济学家强调了与联合生活或集体生活的发展相关的积极的经济外部性。相比之下，大多数经济学家认为，社区发展可能是正规制度发展的次佳解决方案，甚至会产生负面影响，如促进寻租行为和委托代理问题。社会机构--如明确、透明的规则和执行机制--被认为普遍有利于发展。但现实世界中并不存在两者中只有一种的情况；社会和社区总是随时随地在互动中。然而，这种互动几乎没有引起人们的注意。在本文中，社会和社区被认为是相辅相成的组织形式，它们的相对平衡和相互作用塑造了每个地区的经济潜力。社区与社会之间的平衡不断发生变化，影响着每个地区的中长期发展前景。变化的深度和速度取决于一系列因素，如社会和社区互动的起点、变化的来源和动力以及先前存在的局势解决冲突的能力。
Abstract Much of the literature on the impact of institutions on economic development has focused on the tradeoffs between society and community as mutually opposed forms of institutional coordination. On the one hand, sociologists, geographers, and some economists have stressed the positive economic externalities that are associated with the development of associational or group life. Most economists, in contrast, hold that the development of communities may be a second-best solution to the development of formal institutions or even have negative effects, such as the promotion of rent-seeking behavior and principal-agent problems. Societal institutions—such as clear, transparent rules and enforcement mechanisms—are held to be universally positive for development. But there are no real-world cases in which only one of the two exists;society and community are always and everywhere in interaction. This interaction, however, has attracted little attention. In this article, society and community are conceived of as complementary forms of organization whose relative balance and interaction shape the economic potential of every territory. Changes in the balance between community and society take place constantly and affect the medium- and long-run development prospects of every territory. The depth and the speed of change depend on a series of factors, such as starting points in the interaction of society and community, the sources and dynamics of change, and the conflict-solving capacities of the preexisting situation.