Tropical impact on the interannual variability and long-term trend of the Southern Annular Mode during austral summer from 1960/1961 to 2001/2002
Tropical impact on the interannual variability and long-term trend of the Southern Annular Mode during austral summer from 1960/1961 to 2001/2002
复制标题
1960/1961至2001/2002年澳大利亚夏季热带对南环模的年际变化和长期趋势的影响
DOI:
10.1007/s00382-014-2299-x
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发表时间:
2002
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Gollan
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Greatbatch;Gollan
Tropical influence on the austral summer Southern Annular Mode (SAM) over the ERA-40 period 1960/1961–2001/2002 is investigated using (1) a partially coupled climate model (PCM) driven by observed wind stress and (2) a version of the ECMWF atmospheric model by means of a relaxation technique. We show that the tropical influence in the PCM is dominated by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) whereas the relaxation experiments suggest an additional influence independent of ENSO. In the observations, we find that the simultaneous influence of ENSO on the summer SAM was much stronger after 1979 than before, with the consequence that the ensemble mean of the PCM captures around 50 % of the interannual variance of the SAM after 1979 and less than 10 % before. Nevertheless, in the ensemble mean of the PCM, the relationship between ENSO and the summer SAM is stable throughout the whole period 1960/1961–2001/2002, and it is the individual ensemble members that exhibit a non-stationary relationship like that found in the observations. It follows that variability not related to the observed wind forcing used to drive the PCM is important for obscuring the ENSO/SAM relationship. The experiments using relaxation show that tropical forcing was important for both the interannual variability and the trend of the summer SAM, even before 1979. Adding the observed extratropical sea surface temperature and sea-ice (SSTSI) to the tropical relaxation runs improves the model performance, indicative of a positive feedback from extratropical SSTSI onto the SAM.
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DOI:
--
发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
B. Hoskins;R. Fonseca;M. Blackburn;T. Jung
通讯作者:
T. Jung
影响因子:
4.9
作者:
J. Screen;N. Gillett;A. Karpechko;D. Stevens
通讯作者:
J. Screen;N. Gillett;A. Karpechko;D. Stevens
影响因子:
5.2
作者:
Greatbatch;Gollan
通讯作者:
Gollan
影响因子:
8.9
作者:
R. Greatbatch;G. Gollan;Thomas Jung;T. Kunz
通讯作者:
T. Kunz
DOI:
--
发表时间:
1995
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
R. Greatbatch;Guoqing Li;Shengpan P. Zhang
通讯作者:
Shengpan P. Zhang