The environmental impacts and public costs of unguided informal settlement; the case of Montego Bay
The environmental impacts and public costs of unguided informal settlement; the case of Montego Bay
复制标题
无指导的非正规住区的环境影响和公共成本；
DOI：
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Ferguson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Ferguson
在蒙特哥湾（牙买加）开发棚户区和其他非正式住区有助于低收入家庭（尽管不是最贫穷的）解决住房问题。然而，非正规住区也给居民区和整个城市带来了巨大的代价，主要表现为环境问题，威胁到家庭健康和该区域的主要经济基础-旅游业。这些环境代价的形式是，为非正规住区中很大一部分人提供的铺面道路、自来水、卫生设施和垃圾不足或根本没有。如果考虑到这些成本，非正规住区的成本并不比正规部门的发展低。该文件量化了为无指导的非正规住区提供基础设施（棚户区改造）的成本，并表明这些成本与政府提供的服务场所和私人提供的中等收入项目的成本相当，而且基础设施的质量往往较差，收回成本的可能性较小。本文最后讨论了有助于解决这一问题的政策。政府不应对土地侵占做出反应，而应通过引导非正规住区的发展和降低正规部门的生产成本，提前满足低收入住房需求。这一战略保证了更高质量的住房和基础设施，更低的成本和更少的环境问题。
The development of squatter and other informal settlements in Montego Bay (Jamaica) helps individual low-income households (although not the poorest) solve their shelter problem. However, informal settlement also exacts tremendous costs to neighbourhoods and the city as a whole, largely in the form of environmental problems that threaten household health and the region’s main economic base, the tourist trade. These environmental costs come in the form of inadequate or no provision for paved roads, piped water, sanitation, and garbage for a high proportion of those living in informal settlements. When these costs are taken into account, informal settlement is no less expensive than formal-sector development. The paper quantifies the costs of providing infrastructure to unguided informal settlement (squatter upgrading) and shows them as comparable to those for government-produced serviced sites and privately produced moderate-income projects - and the infrastructure is often of poorer quality and with less possibility for cost recovery. The paper ends with a discussion of policies that can help solve this problem. Instead of reacting to land invasions, governments should get ahead of low-income housing demand by guiding the development of informal settlements and by lowering the cost of formalsector production. This strategy promises higher quality housing and infrastructure, lower costs and fewer environmental problems.