Comparing intrarift and border fault structure in the Malawi Rift: Implications for normal fault growth

Comparing intrarift and border fault structure in the Malawi Rift: Implications for normal fault growth
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比较马拉维裂谷的内部断层和边界断层结构:对正常断层生长的影响

DOI:
10.1016/j.jsg.2022.104761
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
Carpenter M
Carpenter M
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Carpenter M

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正断层生长的早期阶段很少用活动正断层的野外观测来描述。在这里,我们首先估计低延伸(<10%)马拉维裂谷中宗巴地堑中活动边界和内部断层的位移,然后量化与其表面暴露相关的微观到宏观尺度断层破坏和矿化。22公里长的Mlunguzi和39公里长的Chingale台阶内裂谷断层有4-52米宽的断层带。相比之下,我们估计51公里长的Zomba边界断层的断层带宽32-118米。方解石和粘土蚀变仅限于断层损害带和断层核部,与裂谷内断层相比,Zomba边界断层上断层损害和矿物蚀变的程度和强度更大。相对于全球汇编,Zomba地堑的正断层在迅速延长的同时,由于其位移,形成了狭窄的断层带。这些长的、低位移的正断层上的轻微损害可能反映了岩性的影响、可忽略的断层愈合和/或预先存在的弱点的激活。
Early stages of normal fault growth are seldom described using field observations of active normal faults. Here we first estimate the displacements of active border and intrarift faults in the Zomba Graben in the low extension (< 10 %) Malawi Rift, and then quantify micro-to macroscale fault damage and mineralisation associated with their surface exposures. The 22 km long Mlunguzi and 39 km long Chingale Step intrarift faults have fault zones 4–52 m wide. In contrast, we estimate the fault zone of the 51 km long Zomba border fault is 32–118 m wide. Calcite and clay alteration is limited to the fault damage zones and fault cores, and the extent and intensity of fault damage and mineral alteration is greater on the Zomba border fault compared to the intrarift faults. Relative to global compilations, normal faults in the Zomba Graben have lengthened quickly while developing narrow fault zones, given their displacement. The minor damage on these long, low-displacement normal faults may reflect the influence of lithology, negligible fault healing, and/or activation of pre-existing weaknesses.
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发表时间: 2010-11
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