Phylogenetic placement of Adalatherium hui (Mammalia, Gondwanatheria) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar: implications for allotherian relationships
Phylogenetic placement of Adalatherium hui (Mammalia, Gondwanatheria) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar: implications for allotherian relationships
复制标题
马达加斯加晚白垩世 Adalatherium hui（哺乳纲、Gondwanatheria）的系统发育定位：对异兽关系的影响
DOI：
10.1080/02724634.2020.1801706
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Krause, David W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoffmann, Simone;Beck, Robin M.;Wible, John R.;Rougier, Guillermo W.;Krause, David W.
冈瓦纳动物在哺乳动物形目中的系统发育地位历来存在争议。马达加斯加晚白垩世保存完好的 Adalatherium hui 骨骼为解决这个问题提供了一个独特的机会，基于整个骨骼的形态数据。直到最近，人们对冈瓦纳动物的了解还仅限于牙齿和下颌骨的碎片以及单个头盖骨。正模A. hui 为冈瓦纳兽提供了第一个颅后骨骼，并大大增加了可用于评分的角色数据量。我们对 530 个字符和 84 个犬齿兽类（包括历史上属于异兽亚目的 34 个类群）进行了采样，使用简约法、未注明日期的贝叶斯方法和最新的贝叶斯方法来测试冈瓦纳兽亚目和异兽亚目的系统发育关系。我们测试了Adalatherium的三种较低的牙齿模型，因为它的犬后齿明显不同于其他哺乳动物的牙齿模型，并且不能轻易地与任何已知的牙齿模式同源。在所有分析中，Adalatherium 均在冈瓦纳兽内发现，最常见于 Sudamericidae 或 Ferugliotheriidae 之外，这与 Adalatheriidae 科的建立一致。尽管在角色优化方面存在差异，但不同的牙齿编码方案并没有对 Adalatherium 的位置产生太大影响。在所有分析中，冈瓦纳动物都被置于异兽亚目中，或者作为多瘤亚纲的姐妹，嵌套在多瘤亚纲中，或者作为奇菲利齿兽（和Euharamiyida）的姐妹，或者与其他异兽亚目处于多态性。在我们的分析中，异兽亚纲的成分有所不同。在简约和最新的贝叶斯分析中，哈拉米伊丹族Haramiyavia和Thomasia被放置在异兽亚目之外，但在未注明日期的贝叶斯分析中与其他异兽亚目处于多态性。
The phylogenetic position of Gondwanatheria within Mammaliaformes has historically been controversial. The well-preserved skeleton ofAdalatherium huifrom the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar offers a unique opportunity to address this issue, based on morphological data from the whole skeleton. Gondwanatheria were, until recently, known only from fragmentary dental and mandibular material, as well as a single cranium. The holotype ofA. huiprovides the first postcranial skeleton for gondwanatherians and substantially increases the amount of character data available to score. We sampled 530 characters and 84 cynodonts (including 34 taxa historically affiliated with Allotheria) to test the phylogenetic relationships of Gondwanatheria and Allotheria using parsimony, undated Bayesian, and tip-dated Bayesian methods. We tested three lower dental formulae forAdalatherium, because its postcanines are distinctly different from those of other mammaliaforms and cannot readily be homologized with any known dental pattern. In all analyses,Adalatheriumis recovered within Gondwanatheria, most frequently outside of Sudamericidae or Ferugliotheriidae, which is congruent with establishment of the family Adalatheriidae. The different dental coding schemes do not greatly impact the position ofAdalatherium, although there are differences in character optimization. In all analyses, Gondwanatheria are placed within Allotheria, either as sister to Multituberculata, nested within Multituberculata, or as sister toCifelliodon(and Euharamiyida), or in a polytomy with other allotherians. The composition of Allotheria varies in our analyses. The haramiyidansHaramiyaviaandThomasiaare placed outside of Allotheria in the parsimony and tip-dated Bayesian analyses, but in a polytomy with other allotherians in the undated Bayesian analyses.