Phthalates in Chinese vehicular environments: Source emissions, concentrations, and human exposure
Phthalates in Chinese vehicular environments: Source emissions, concentrations, and human exposure
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中国车辆环境中的邻苯二甲酸盐：源排放、浓度和人体接触
DOI：
10.1111/ina.12910
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发表时间：
2021-07-21
期刊：
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Zheng, Youqu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bu, Zhongming;Hu, Maochao;Zheng, Youqu
邻苯二甲酸酯是车辆环境中典型的空气污染物，因为可能含有邻苯二甲酸酯的许多合成材料被广泛用于制造车辆内部（例如，座垫、地板垫和仪表板）。目前，邻苯二甲酸酯污染在车辆环境中的重要性尚未得到充分认识，因为人们只有一小部分（约8%）的时间在车辆中。在这项研究中，六种邻苯二甲酸酯在中国车辆常用的九种材料（地板垫和座垫）中的质量分数进行了测量。在大多数材料中识别出两种邻苯二甲酸酯，邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（DnBP）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）（未检出其他邻苯二甲酸酯）。进一步研究了这些材料中DnBP和DEHP的排放特性。测量的排放参数被用作输入的传质模型，以估计DnBP和DEHP浓度在机舱空气中。最后，车辆环境中的人体接触（通过吸入和皮肤从气相中吸收）与典型室内环境中的总接触（例如，住宅和办公室）的DnBP和DEHP的估计分别高达110%和20%。基于这些结果，车辆环境可能是人体暴露于空气中邻苯二甲酸酯的重要场所。
Phthalates are typical air pollutants in vehicular environment since numerous synthetic materials that might contain phthalates are widely used to fabricate vehicle interiors (e.g., seat cushions, floor mats and dashboards). Hitherto, the importance of phthalate pollution in vehicular environment is not well-recognized because people spend only a small portion (around 8%) of their time in vehicles. In this study, the mass fractions of six phthalates in nine materials commonly used in Chinese vehicles (floor mats and seat cushions) were measured. Two phthalates, di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), were identified in most materials (the other phthalates were not detected). The emission characteristics of DnBP and DEHP from these materials were further investigated. The measured emission parameters were used as input for a mass-transfer model to estimate DnBP and DEHP concentrations in cabin air. Finally, the ratios between human exposures (via inhalation and dermal absorption from the gas phase) in vehicular environment and the total exposures in typical indoor environments (e.g., residences and offices) were estimated to be up to 110% and 20% for DnBP and DEHP, respectively. Based on these results, the vehicular environment might be a considerable site for human exposure to airborne phthalates.