Industrial emission of cadmium in Japan.
Industrial emission of cadmium in Japan.
复制标题
日本镉的工业排放。
DOI：
10.1289/ehp.792817
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发表时间：
1979-02
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Yamagata N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yamagata N
在日本，镉直接排放到空气和水中是根据排放和废水标准进行控制的。这些媒介的环境质量得到了改善，但过去这些排放物的延迟影响现在通过该国各地农业面积的污染而显现出来。因此，需要进行特别的土地改良项目，并应根据对自然背景的科学评估来分配费用。应在库存监测的基础上对分散在水系统中的潜在镉源的意外释放进行影响评估。自然背景的评估实际上可以通过两种方法进行。一种是检查镉在土壤剖面中的垂直分布，并寻找没有污染的次表层。另一种是使用Zn/Cd比值作为污染指数，建议将值400作为筛选水平。镉的运输被认为主要是发生在颗粒形式，和采样和分析的水连同悬浮固体大雨后，建议作为一个有用的手段，用于评估集水区的性质和规划改善矿区的土地表面。
Direct emission of cadmium into air and water in Japan has been controlled on the basis of the Emission and Effluent Standards. Environmental quality in these media has been improved, but delayed effects of these emissions in the past are now manifest by contamination of agricultural acreage in various parts of this country. Special land improvement projects are therefore required, and cost allocation should be made on the basis of scientific assessment of natural background. An impact assessment on accidental release of potential sources of cadmium dispersed in the water system should be made on the basis of inventory surveillance. Assessment of natural background can practically be made by two means. One is to examine the vertical distribution of cadmium in a soil profile and to search for a subsurface layer in which there can be no contamination. Another is the use of the Zn/Cd ratio as an index of pollution, a value of 400 being suggested as a screening level. The transport of cadmium was found to occur principally in particulate form, and sampling and analysis of water together with suspended solid after a heavy rainfall is suggested as a useful means for assessing the character of a catchment area and for planning the improvement of land surface in mining districts.