Is mindfulness Buddhist? (and why it matters)
Is mindfulness Buddhist? (and why it matters)
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DOI：
10.1177/1363461514557561
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Sharf, Robert H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sharf, Robert H.
正念冥想的现代倡导者提倡“纯注意力”的治疗效果——一种非判断性的、非话语性的专注于每时每刻的意识流动。这种佛教冥想的方法可以追溯到20世纪上半叶的缅甸佛教改革运动，可以说与更传统的小乘佛教教义和冥想练习不一致。但培养以当下为中心的意识在佛教史上并非没有先例；类似的创新也出现在中世纪的中国禅宗和西藏大禅中。这些运动有几个共同点。在每种情况下，改革的部分目的都是为了使不熟悉佛教哲学和/或不愿采取出家生活方式的俗人能够接受佛教的实践和洞察力。此外，这些运动都保证了惊人的快速结果。最后，实践中的创新遭到了传统佛教团体的怀疑和批评。那些对正念和纯粹专注的治疗效果感兴趣的人，往往没有意识到亚洲佛教历史上围绕这些实践的争议的存在，更不用说其内容了。
Modern exponents of mindfulness meditation promote the therapeutic effects of ''bare attention''-a sort of non-judgmental, non-discursive attending to the moment-to-moment flow of consciousness. This approach to Buddhist meditation can be traced to Burmese Buddhist reform movements of the first half of the 20th century, and is arguably at odds with more traditional Theravda Buddhist doctrine and meditative practices. But the cultivation of present-centered awareness is not without precedent in Buddhist history; similar innovations arose in medieval Chinese Zen (Chan) and Tibetan Dzogchen. These movements have several things in common. In each case the reforms were, in part, attempts to render Buddhist practice and insight accessible to laypersons unfamiliar with Buddhist philosophy and/or unwilling to adopt a renunciatory lifestyle. In addition, these movements all promised astonishingly quick results. And finally, the innovations in practice were met with suspicion and criticism from traditional Buddhist quarters. Those interested in the therapeutic effects of mindfulness and bare attention are often not aware of the existence, much less the content, of the controversies surrounding these practices in Asian Buddhist history.