Boldness, trappability and sampling bias in wild lizards
Boldness, trappability and sampling bias in wild lizards
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.01.033
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发表时间：
2012-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Biro, Peter A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carter, Alecia J.;Heinsohn, Robert;Biro, Peter A.
许多关于动物性格的研究都是在实验室里用从野外收集的动物完成的。然而，有一些担心，研究陷阱个人进行人格评估可能不会收集人格类型的代表性样本，因为有些人可能是陷阱害羞。我们调查了大胆和诱捕性之间的关系，使用男性的一种蜥蜴，纳米比亚岩石阿伽马，阿伽马planiceps，其大胆可以在野外进行评估之前，诱捕。我们在几周内观察了9到15次已知的个体，这表明大胆在个体之间始终存在差异，并且不受身体大小或环境变量等因素的影响。蜥蜴习惯于行为测定，但没有证据表明适应率具有可塑性（个体差异）。正如预测的那样，大胆的人比害羞的人更早进入陷阱，我们在诱捕大胆的人时有更高的成功率。使用一个简单的模拟模型，我们表明，这种偏见导致低估的效果大小，并降低了功率检测行为特征（即行为综合征）之间的相关性。我们认为，研究，捕捉动物的实验室评估的个性可能始终代表不足的程度，他们的样本人群中的人格特质的变化，并建议未来的研究要么开发方法，在该领域的测试人格控制明显的混杂变量或尽一切努力，以确保最小的偏差时，在实验室环境中使用的动物采样。(C)2012年，动物行为研究协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Many studies of animal personality are completed in the laboratory with animals collected from the wild. However, there is some concern that studies that trap individuals to perform assessments of personality may not collect a representative sample of personality types, as some individuals may be trap-shy. We investigated the relationship between boldness and trappability using males of a species of lizard, the Namibian rock agama, Agama planiceps, whose boldness could be assessed in the wild prior to trapping. We observed known individuals between nine and 15 times each over several weeks, which revealed that boldness consistently differed across individuals and was not influenced by factors such as body size or environmental variables. Lizards habituated to the behavioural assay, but there was no evidence of plasticity (individual differences) in the rate of habituation. As predicted, bold individuals entered the trap sooner than shy individuals and we had higher success at trapping bold individuals. Using a simple simulation model, we show that such bias leads to underestimates of effect size and reduces the power to detect correlations between behavioural traits (i.e. behavioural syndromes). We suggest that studies that trap animals for laboratory assessments of personality may consistently underrepresent the extent of personality trait variation in the populations that they sample, and recommend that future studies either develop methods for testing personality in the field that control for obvious confounding variables or make every effort to ensure minimum bias when sampling animals for use in a laboratory setting. (C) 2012 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.