Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine
Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-0346-0279-2_11
复制
发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kemble, George
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greenberg, Harry;Kemble, George
减毒流感活疫苗（LAIV）的开发基于冷适应（ca）减毒ca A/安阿伯/6/60和ca B/安阿伯/1/66骨架，已经跨越了几十年。疫苗包含三种疫苗株，两种减毒流感病毒A株和一种减毒流感病毒B株，这些疫苗株是基因重配株，每一个携带来自当前流行的野生型病毒的两个基因片段（例如，A/H3 N2、A/H1N1或B）和活的其余六个基因片段，减毒的甲型流感或B型流感供体病毒两种供体病毒都具有复杂的遗传特征，这些遗传特征控制所得遗传重配株的关键生物学特征，包括体外温度敏感性和动物模型中的衰减，在人体中的研究已经证明，减毒疫苗株可以引发体液抗体以及细胞免疫，这两种应答通常在在儿童和成人中进行的许多不同的临床研究表明，该疫苗可以减少接种受试者中流感疾病的负担，包括其中循环野生型毒株具有抗原性地从疫苗中包含的抗原漂移的季节。以及其它包括每个蛋产生比灭活流感疫苗多得多的疫苗剂量的能力使其成为产生有效疫苗的潜在有用平台，应对每年的季节性流感和未来的流感大流行
The development of the live, attenuated Influenza vaccine (LAIV), based on the cold-adapted (ca) attenuated ca A/Ann Arbor/6/60 and ca B/Ann Arbor/1/66 backbones, has spanned several decades The vaccine contains three vaccine strains, two attenuated influenza A strains and one attenuated Influenza B strain, these vaccine strains are genetic reassortants, each harboring two gene segments from the currently circulating wild type virus conferring the appropriate antigens (e g, A/H3N2, A/H1N1 or B) and the remaining six gene segments of the live, attenuated influenza A or influenza B donor virus Both donor viruses have complex genetic signatures that control the key biological traits of the resulting genetic reassortants, including temperature sensitivity in vitro and attenuation in an animal model, and the overall attenuation of the vaccine Studies in humans have demonstrated that the attenuated vaccine strains can elicit humoral antibodies as well as cellular immunity both responses are generally more readily detectable in children than in adults A number of different clinical studies in children and adults have shown that this vaccine can reduce the burden of influenza illness in vaccinated subjects including seasons in which the circulating wild type strain has antigeni cally drifted from the antigens included in the vaccine These attributes of the live vaccine, as well as others including the ability to produce substantially more vaccine doses per egg than inactivated influenza vaccine make it a potentially useful platform to generate an effective vaccine, to combat both annual seasonal influenza and future influenza pandemics