Health effects of vegetables and fruit: assessing mechanisms of action in human experimental studies
Health effects of vegetables and fruit: assessing mechanisms of action in human experimental studies
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/70.3.475s
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发表时间：
1999-09-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Lampe, JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lampe, JW
流行病学数据支持高蔬菜和水果摄入量与低慢性疾病风险之间的联系。食用蔬菜和水果可能会减缓或预防慢性疾病的发生，这有几个生物学上合理的原因。蔬菜和水果是多种营养物质的丰富来源，包括维生素、微量矿物质、膳食纤维和许多其他种类的生物活性化合物。这些植物化学物质可能具有互补和重叠的作用机制，包括调节解毒酶，刺激免疫系统，减少血小板聚集，调节胆固醇合成和激素代谢，降低血压，以及抗氧化，抗菌和抗病毒作用。虽然这些影响主要是在动物和细胞培养模型中进行的，但对人类的实验性饮食研究也表明，蔬菜和水果及其成分能够调节这些潜在的疾病预防机制。人类研究依赖于与疾病风险相关的中间终点。使用的设计方法包括多臂试验、随机交叉研究和更折衷的设计，如非随机交叉和治疗前后分析。根据作用机制，治疗时间从单次剂量到数年不等。饮食控制的严格程度各不相同，从在习惯饮食中添加补充剂到在治疗期间提供所有食物。严格进行的实验性人类饮食研究是基于人群和基于实验室的研究之间的重要联系。
Epidemiologic data support the association between high intake of vegetables and fruits and low risk of chronic disease. There are several biologically plausible reasons why consumption of vegetables and fruit might slow or prevent the onset of chronic diseases. Vegetables and fruit are rich sources of a variety of nutrients, including vitamins, trace minerals, and dietary fiber, and many other classes of biologically active compounds. These phytochemicals can have complementary and overlapping mechanisms of action, including modulation of detoxification enzymes, stimulation of the immune system, reduction of platelet aggregation, modulation of cholesterol synthesis and hormone metabolism, reduction of blood pressure, and antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral effects. Although these effects have been examined primarily in animal and cell-culture models, experimental dietary studies in humans have also shown the capacity of vegetables and fruit and their constituents to modulate some of these potential disease-preventive mechanisms. The human studies have relied on intermediate endpoints related to disease risk. Design methodologies used include multiple-arm trials, randomized crossover studies, and more compromised designs such as nonrandomized crossovers and pre- and posttreatment analyses. Length of treatment ranged from a single dose to years depending on the mechanism of interest. Stringency of dietary control varied from addition of supplements to a habitual diet to provision of all food for the duration of a treatment. Rigorously conducted experimental dietary studies in humans are an important link between population- and laboratory-based research.