Factors Affecting the Strength of Cardinium-Induced Cytoplasmic Incompatibility in the Parasitic Wasp Encarsia pergandiella (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)
Factors Affecting the Strength of Cardinium-Induced Cytoplasmic Incompatibility in the Parasitic Wasp Encarsia pergandiella (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)
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DOI：
10.1007/s00248-013-0359-0
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发表时间：
2014-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
S. Perlman;N. J. Dowdy;L. Harris;M. Khalid;S. Kelly;M. S. Hunter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Perlman;N. J. Dowdy;L. Harris;M. Khalid;S. Kelly;M. S. Hunter
引起细胞质不亲和(CI)的细菌是最常见的母传昆虫寄生虫之一。在CI中，未受感染的雌性在与受感染的雄性交配时很少或没有生育后代，因此，相对于受感染的雌性，它们往往处于生殖劣势。已知有两种不同的细菌引起CI，Wolbchia和Carddium。Cicardinium是最近发现的，对它的研究很少。在这里，可能影响繁殖产量减少的因素在一个CI杂交，或CI“强度”，在寄生waspEncarsia pergandiella中进行了探索。这只黄蜂体内的Cardinium表现出不同的CI强度。实验测试了雄虫年龄、雄虫大小、雄虫寄主种类、雄虫密度和雄虫发育时间对CI强度的影响。我们发现了男性发育时间的显著影响，当与未感染的女性交配时，男性发育时间较长的男性表现出更强的CI。男性年龄几乎没有影响；尽管在一项实验中，年龄最大的男性表现出更强的CI。雄虫大小、寄主种类和细菌密度对CI强度无影响。确定控制CI的因素对于了解感染的动态以及旨在利用CI微生物控制害虫和病媒的策略的成功至关重要。
Bacteria that cause cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) are among the most common maternally transmitted parasites of insects. In CI, uninfected females produce few or no offspring when they mate with infected males and, as a result, are often at a reproductive disadvantage relative to infected females. Two different bacteria are known to cause CI,WolbachiaandCardinium. CICardiniumwas discovered more recently and has been little studied. Here, factors that could influence the reduction in reproductive output in a CI cross, or CI “strength,” were explored in the parasitic waspEncarsia pergandiella. Cardiniumin this wasp exhibits variable CI strength. Experiments tested the effect of male age, male size, male host species,Cardiniumdensity, and male development time on CI strength. We found a striking effect of male development time, with males that took longer to develop exhibiting stronger CI when mated to uninfected females. Male age had little effect; although in one experiment, the oldest males exhibited stronger CI. Male size, host species, and bacterial density had no effect on the strength of CI. Identifying the factors that control CI are crucial for understanding the dynamics of infection, as well as the success of strategies that aim to use CI microbes to control insect pests and disease vectors.