Two‐dimensional morphogen gradient in Xenopus: Boundary formation and real‐time transduction response
Two‐dimensional morphogen gradient in Xenopus: Boundary formation and real‐time transduction response
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DOI：
10.1002/dvdy.20963
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发表时间：
2006-12
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Tsutomu Kinoshita;J. Jullien;J. B. Gurdon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tsutomu Kinoshita;J. Jullien;J. B. Gurdon
形态原梯度在胚胎模式形成中起着重要作用。然而，对形态根梯度中位置的解释还不是很清楚。由于很难分析形态梯度，特别是在非洲爪哇等不透明的胚胎中，有必要对胚胎进行固定和切片，从而消除了实时观察的可能性，并使对发生在三维空间的事件的解释更加困难。我们在这里描述了一种从非洲爪哇囊胚动物帽子中制备细胞的二维方法，其中激活素浓度梯度似乎形成并以与正常胚胎相同的速度和方式解释。我们使用这种二维制剂来提供以下关于胚胎中梯度形成和解释的新信息。我们实时确定激活素活性梯度的形成动力学。我们证明，这种梯度是通过激活素在细胞间隙中的扩散而建立的，不需要受体或配体的内化。我们还表明，基因表达边界的产生取决于对浓度梯度的解释，而不是成分的变化。《发展动力学》235：3189-3198,2006。©2006 Wiley-Liss，Inc.
Morphogen gradients play an important role in pattern formation in embryo. However, the interpretation of position in a morphogen gradient is not well understood. Because it is hard to analyze morphogen gradients especially in opaque embryos such as those of Xenopus, it is necessary to fix and section the embryo, thereby eliminating the possibility of real‐time observation, and making more difficult the interpretation of events that take place in three dimensions. We describe here a two‐dimensional preparation of cells from a Xenopus blastula animal cap, in which an activin concentration gradient appears to be formed and interpreted at the same rate and in the same way as in normal embryos. We use two‐dimensional preparations of this kind to contribute the following new information about gradient formation and interpretation in embryo. We determine the dynamics of formation of an activin activity gradient in real time. We demonstrate that this gradient is established by diffusion of activin through intercellular space and does not require internalization of receptor or ligand. We also show that the generation of a boundary of gene expression depends on the interpretation, rather than a change of composition, of the concentration gradient. Developmental Dynamics 235:3189–3198, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.