Effective dispersal of brown bears (Ursus arctos) in eastern Hokkaido, inferred from analyses of mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites
Effective dispersal of brown bears (Ursus arctos) in eastern Hokkaido, inferred from analyses of mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites
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DOI：
10.3106/041.037.0104
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Iwata, Ryutaro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Itoh, Tetsuji;Sato, Yoshikazu;Iwata, Ryutaro
雄性棕熊（Ursus arctos）通常比雌性棕熊分散的距离更长，雌性棕熊在出生地周围有保守的栖息地。我们之前的研究表明，在北海道东部的阿寒-白沼南部地区，女性线粒体DNA（mtDNA）亚单倍型的分布是异域分布的。从雌性熊的两种 mtDNA 亚单倍型（HB02a 和 HB13b）的异域分布可以很容易地检测到雄性从其出生区域到另一个出生区域的分散。在这里，为了研究雄性熊在两个出生地之间的基因流动和扩散的有效性，我们通过分析线粒体DNA和微卫星DNA的多态性，评估了该地区1996年和2008年的132只棕熊的遗传多样性和亲缘关系。亲子关系测试显示，有 48 个潜在的父子对、9 个潜在的母子对和 4 个潜在的父子三人组。在 48 对父子对中，有 33 对的 mtDNA 亚单倍型在父亲和子代之间存在差异，这表明这些潜在的父亲从一个出生地移居到另一个出生地并获得了成功的繁殖。结果表明，雄性熊的有效扩散保持了两个出生地之间的遗传多样性和基因流动。
Male brown bears (Ursus arctos) generally disperse over longer distances than females, which have conservative habitats around their natal areas. Our previous study indicated that the distributions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) subhaplotypes in females were allopatric in the southern Akan-Shiranuka region of eastern Hokkaido. Dispersal of males from their natal area to another natal area is easily detected from the allopatric distributions of two of the mtDNA subhaplotypes of female bears (HB02a and HB13b). Here, to investigate the effectiveness of gene flow and dispersal of male bears between two natal areas, we assessed the genetic diversity and kinship of 132 brown bears from 1996 and 2008 in this area by analyzing the polymorphisms of mtDNA and microsatellite DNA. Parentage testing revealed that there were 48 potential father-offspring pairs, nine potential mother-offspring pairs, and four potential parent-offspring trios. Among 33 of the 48 father-offspring pairs, the mtDNA subhaplotypes differed between father and offspring, suggesting that these potential fathers moved from one natal area to the other and had reproductive success. The results show that effective dispersal of male bears has maintained the genetic diversity and gene flow between the two natal areas.