Graphene-How a Laboratory Curiosity Suddenly Became Extremely Interesting
Graphene-How a Laboratory Curiosity Suddenly Became Extremely Interesting
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DOI：
10.1002/anie.201004096
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Boehm, Hanns-Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Boehm, Hanns-Peter
元素碳的同素异形体再一次成为深入研究的中心。在大量关于石墨的插层化合物（由1974年关于其非常高的电导率的报告引发），[1]富勒烯（1985年），[2]和碳纳米管（1991年）的出版物之后，[3]石墨烯自2004年以来一直是无数出版物的主题。[4，5]通过石墨烯，人们理解石墨结构中的单碳六边形网络。该术语由IUPAC相关委员会根据Eberhard Stumpp（TU Clausthal）和德国陶瓷学会碳工作组小组委员会的建议推荐，以表征独立于相邻碳层存在的单个二维层的特性。在这方面，较旧的表述“石墨层”是不合适的，因为在“石墨”中可以识别出具有ABAB.堆叠顺序的层的三维排列结构。根据IUPAC推荐的描述碳作为固体的术语[6]，术语“石墨烯”应该只在讨论反应，结构关系和单个层的其他属性时使用。然而，术语“石墨烯”如今经常被应用于几个石墨烯层的堆叠，这些石墨烯层通常彼此粘附并且仅部分重叠。石墨烯层也出现在具有乱层堆叠的无序碳中，即相邻层的随机旋转和位移，例如在活性炭中。与碳纤维和碳纳米管类似，石墨烯在层方向上具有非常高的拉伸强度，这与高柔性一起，使层中的尖锐折叠成为可能。[7]它们的曲率半径相当于碳纳米管的曲率半径。在Novoselov，Geim等人报道了单层石墨晶格的不寻常的电子性质之后，对石墨烯的兴趣急剧增加，换句话说，石墨烯：[5，8，9]石墨烯是一种具有零带隙的半导体，其特征在于电荷载流子的迁移率非常高，非常高的电导率，以及更高的电子密度。
Once again, an allotrope of elemental carbon is at the center of intensive research. After the flood of publications on intercalation compounds of graphite (triggered by a report in 1974 on its very high electrical conductance),[1] fullerenes (1985),[2] and carbon nanotubes (1991),[3] graphenes have been the subject of countless publications since 2004.[4, 5] By graphene, one understands single-carbon hexagonal networks within the structure of graphite. The term was recommended by the relevant IUPAC commission on the suggestion of Eberhard Stumpp (TU Clausthal) and a subcommittee of the Working Group Carbon of the German Ceramic Society to enable characterization of the properties of single two-dimensional layers which exist independently of neighboring carbon layers. The older expression “graphite layers” is unsuitable in this respect, because a three-dimensionally arranged structure with an ABAB… stacking sequence of the layers is identified in “graphite”. According to Recommended IUPAC Terminology for the Description of Carbon as a Solid,[6] the term “graphene” should only be used when reactions, structural relationships, and other properties of individual layers are discussed. However, the term “graphene” is today frequently applied to stacks of a few graphene layers, which often adhere to one another and are only partially overlapping. Graphene layers also occur in disordered carbons with turbostratic stacking, that is, a random rotation and displacement of neighboring layers, for example, in active carbons.Similar to carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes, graphene has a very high tensile strength in the layer direction, which, together with a high flexibility, makes sharp folds in the layer possible.[7] Their radius of curvature corresponds to that of carbon nanotubes. Interest in graphenes increased dramatically after Novoselov, Geim et al. reported on the unusual electronic properties of single layers of the graphite lattice, in other words graphene:[5, 8, 9] Graphene is a semiconductor with a zero band gap and is characterized by an exceptionally high mobility of the charge carrier, a very high electrical con-