Amount of reward has opposite effects on the discounting of delayed and probabilistic outcomes
Amount of reward has opposite effects on the discounting of delayed and probabilistic outcomes
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.25.2.418
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发表时间：
1999-03-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Ostaszewski, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Green, L;Myerson, J;Ostaszewski, P
先前的研究表明，未来大额奖励的价值比未来小额奖励的价值贴现的幅度要小。这些实验将这一研究领域扩展到了概率奖励。两个实验重复了延迟奖励的标准发现，但表明数量对概率奖励的折扣有相反的影响。也就是说，大概率金额的折现率与小概率金额相同或更高。尽管数量对延迟奖励和概率奖励的折现率有相反的影响，但同样形式的数学函数准确地描述了这两种奖励的折现率。研究结果表明，关于延迟奖励和概率奖励的决策过程基本相似，但并不完全相同。讨论了这些发现对冲动和自我控制的影响。
Previous research has shown that the value of large future rewards is discounted less steeply than is the value of small future rewards. These experiments extended this line of research to probabilistic rewards. Two experiments replicated the standard findings for delayed rewards but demonstrated that amount has an opposite effect on the discounting of probabilistic rewards. That is, large probabilistic amounts were discounted at the same or higher rates than small amounts. Although amount had opposite effects on the discounting of delayed and probabilistic rewards, nevertheless, the same form of mathematical function accurately described discounting of both types of reward. The findings suggest that fundamentally similar, but not identical, processes are involved in decision making regarding delayed and probabilistic rewards. The implications of these findings for impulsivity and self-control are discussed.