Ground Water Occurrence and Contributions to Streamflow in an Alpine Catchment, Colorado Front Range
Ground Water Occurrence and Contributions to Streamflow in an Alpine Catchment, Colorado Front Range
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02436.x
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发表时间：
2003-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Dornblaser, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clow, D. W.;Schrott, L.;Dornblaser, M.
在科罗拉多落基山脉前山脉的高山流域洛赫谷，地下水的发生，运动，及其对径流的贡献进行了调查。水文地貌测绘、地震折射测量以及孔隙度和渗透率估计表明，岩屑坡是主要的地下水水库，其最大蓄水量等于或大于盆地的年总流量（5.4 +/- 0.8 x 10（6）m（3））。虽然融雪和冰川融化提供了大部分的年水通量的盆地，示踪剂测试和测量沿着一条河流横断面表明，地下水从岩屑流可以占>= 75%的径流在风暴和冬季基流期。岩屑泉对风暴和融雪的排放响应反映了岩屑表面粗碎屑的快速水传输和细颗粒沉积物中水的缓慢释放。储存在永久冻土（包括岩石冰川）中的冰是洛赫谷第二大地下水库，它代表了一个重要的，但很少认识到，在高山地形的地下水库。年平均气温足够冷，以支持3460米以上的永久冻土;然而，自20世纪90年代初以来，气温上升了1.1摄氏度至1.4摄氏度，与在Front Range、欧洲阿尔卑斯山和秘鲁安第斯山脉其他高海拔地区测量的气温长期（1976-2000年）上升一致。如果其他气候因素保持不变，洛赫谷气温的升高足以使永久冻土的海拔下限增加150至190米。虽然这可能会导致短期内流量增加，但最终可能会导致未来流量减少。
Ground water occurrence, movement, and its contribution to streamflow were investigated in Loch Vale, an alpine catchment in the Front Range of the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Hydrogeomorphologic mapping, seismic refraction measurements, and porosity and permeability estimates indicate that talus slopes are the primary ground water reservoir, with a maximum storage capacity that is equal to, or greater than, total annual discharge from the basin (5.4 +/- 0.8 x 10(6) m(3)). Although snowmelt and glacial melt provide the majority of annual water flux to the basin, tracer tests and gauging along a stream transect indicate that ground water flowing from talus can account for >= 75% of streamflow during storms and the winter base flow period. The discharge response of talus springs to storms and snowmelt reflects rapid transmittal of water through coarse debris at the talus surface and slower release of water from finer-grained sediments at depth.Ice stored in permafrost (including rock glaciers) is the second largest ground water reservoir in Loch Vale; it represents a significant, but seldom recognized, ground water reservoir in alpine terrain. Mean annual air temperatures are sufficiently cold to support permafrost above 3460 m; however, air temperatures have increased 1.1 degrees to 1.4 degrees C since the early 1990s, consistent with long-term (1976-2000) increases in air temperature measured at other high-elevation sites in the Front Range, European Alps, and Peruvian Andes. If other climatic factors remain constant, the increase in air temperatures at Loch Vale is sufficient to increase the lower elevational limit of permafrost by 150 to 190 m. Although this could cause a short-term increase in streamflow, it may ultimately result in decreased flow in the future.