Beneficial health effects of low-digestible carbohydrate consumption
Beneficial health effects of low-digestible carbohydrate consumption
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DOI：
10.1079/bjn2000259
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发表时间：
2001-03-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Menzel, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Scheppach, W;Luehrs, H;Menzel, T
低消化性碳水化合物是一类对人体胃肠道有特殊影响的耐酶碳水化合物。在小肠中，它们影响营养消化和吸收，葡萄糖和脂质代谢，并防止已知的心血管疾病风险因素。在结肠中，它们主要被厌氧细菌在一个称为发酵的过程中降解。因此，粪便氮排泄增强，这在临床上用于预防或治疗肝性脑病。低消化性碳水化合物对回肠和结肠的上皮细胞有营养作用，这有助于避免细菌移位。短链脂肪酸是重要的发酵产物，被评价为急性结肠炎的新疗法。它们被认为是结直肠癌的一级预防。低聚果糖的生物合成效应值得进一步关注。未发酵的碳水化合物增加粪便体积，并在治疗慢性功能性便秘、症状性憩室病和可能的肠易激综合征中发挥作用。总之，低消化性碳水化合物可能在维持人体消化系统健康方面发挥作用。然而，证据的强度因疾病实体而异。
Low-digestible carbohydrates represent a class of enzyme-resistant saccharides that have specific effects on the human gastrointestinal tract. In the small bowel, they affect nutrient digestion and absorption, glucose and lipid metabolism and protect against known risk factors of cardiovascular disease. In the colon they are mainly degraded by anaerobic bacteria in a process called fermentation. As a consequence, faecal nitrogen excretion is enhanced, which is used clinically to prevent or treat hepatic encephalopathy. Low-digestible carbohydrates are trophic to the epithelia of the ileum and colon, which helps to avoid bacterial translocation. Short-chain fatty acids are important fermentation products and are evaluated as new therapeutics in acute colitis. They are considered in the primary prevention of colorectal cancer. The bifidogenic effect of fructo-oligosaccharides merits further attention. Unfermented carbohydrates increase faecal bulk and play a role in the treatment of chronic functional constipation, symptomatic diverticulosis and, possibly, the irritable bowel syndrome. In conclusion, low-digestible carbohydrates may play a role in the maintenance of human digestive health. However, the strength of evidence differs between disease entities.