A PHYLOGENETIC INTERPRETATION OF THE BRACHYCERA (DIPTERA) BASED ON THE LARVAL MANDIBLE AND ASSOCIATED MOUTHPART STRUCTURES
A PHYLOGENETIC INTERPRETATION OF THE BRACHYCERA (DIPTERA) BASED ON THE LARVAL MANDIBLE AND ASSOCIATED MOUTHPART STRUCTURES
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00335.x
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发表时间：
1992-07-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
SINCLAIR, BJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
SINCLAIR, BJ
基于外群比较，描述了短角类幼虫下颌骨的各个组成部分及其同源性。末龄幼虫下颌骨的Brachycera地面计划是由一个远端尖钩和一个倒“U”形的基片。本文对线虫类（Wood & Borkent，1989）和直缝短角类（Woodley，1989）的分支系统学假说进行了分析，并对幼虫下颌骨的同源性和相关的口器结构进行了评价。初步认为咽滤器的存在是双翅目的一种突触形态，不包括尖形目和双形目。证据支持姐妹集团之间的关系Psychodomorpha（感伍德和Borkent，1989年）和Brachycera。Pantophthalmidae在Stratiomyomorpha的位置得到了下颌-上颌复合体和咽过滤器与后部研磨机的同形发育的支持。额外的幼虫口器字符提出支持的概念Eremoneura（Empidoidea + Cyclorrhapha）。的Empidoidea的平面图似乎是由一个四个组成部分的下颌骨，其中基片被细分为两个连接片和腹侧片的apomorphic发展的特点。形态学证据支持下颌起源的口钩的Cyclorrhapha。
Based on outgroup comparison, the various components of the larval mandible of the Brachycera and their homologies are described. The final instar larval mandible of the Brachycera ground plan is comprised of a distal pointed hook and an inverted 'U'-shaped basal sclerite. The phylogenetic implications of the larval mandibular homologies and associated mouthpart structures for the current cladistic hypotheses of the Nematocera (Wood & Borkent, 1989) and orthorrhaphous Brachycera (Woodley, 1989) are evaluated.A cladistic analysis of larval mouthpart characters largely supports the hypotheses of Wood & Borkent and Woodley. The presence of a pharyngeal filter is tentatively proposed as a synapomorphy of the Diptera exclusive of the Tipulomorpha and Bibionomorpha. Evidence is presented supporting a sister-group relationship between the Psychodomorpha (sensu Wood & Borkent, 1989) and the Brachycera. The placement of the Pantophthalmidae in the Stratiomyomorpha is supported by the apomorphic development of the mandibular-maxillary complex and pharyngeal filter with posterior grinding mill. Additional larval mouthpart characters are proposed supporting the concept of the Eremoneura (Empidoidea + Cyclorrhapha). The ground plan of the Empidoidea appears to be characterized by the apomorphic development of a four-component mandible, in which the basal sclerite is subdivided into two connecting sclerites and a ventral sclerite. Morphological evidence is presented supporting the mandibular origin of the mouthhooks of the Cyclorrhapha.