Distinction between Public and Private Life Marx on the zōon politikon
Distinction between Public and Private Life Marx on the zōon politikon
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公共生活与私人生活的区别 马克思论zōon politikon
DOI：
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发表时间：
1979
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Schwartz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Schwartz
自由社会的政治宪法依赖于对公共生活领域和私人生活领域的区分，他们认为保护和加强私人生活是国家行动的目标。自由主义政治理论家认为，公共生活是保护私人生活所需的深思熟虑和强制的领域，是自发感觉和行动的领域，是“对幸福的追求”。大多数非自由主义政治理论家也对公共领域和私人领域进行了一些区分，尽管他们的定义有很多不同。例如，黑格尔背离了自由主义理论，他认为私人领域是物质必然性和自发性的领域，而公共领域是自由的领域，在这个领域中，商议和强制并不被认为是这样的，因为它们是在更高的公共知识的基础上进行的。以现代为例，阿伦特与古典自由主义者的不同之处在于，他认为许多自愿结社的活动在本质上应该被视为公共的，而不是私人的。同样，美国最高法院宣布南方的“白人初选”为非法，将政党重新定义为一个公共机构，而不是一个私人俱乐部。正如麦康奈尔所言，也许“（明确区分什么是私人的，什么是公共的）远不如保持这种区分重要。”
The political constitutions of liberal societies depend upon a distinction between the public and the private spheres of life, and they deem the preservation and enhancement of private life to be the goal of state action. Liberal political theorists see public life as the sphere of deliberation and coercion needed to protect private life, the sphere of spontaneous feeling and actions, “the pursuit of happiness.” Most nonliberal political theorists have also worked with some distinction between the public and private realms, although they define it along many different lines. Hegel, for example, departed from liberal theory in seeing the private as the sphere of material necessity as well as of spontaneity, and the public as the sphere of freedom in which deliberation and coercion were not felt as such because they were performed in the light of a higher public knowledge. Arendt, to take a modern case, differed from the classical liberals in arguing that many activities of voluntary association should be considered public rather than private in nature. So, too, the American Supreme Court, outlawing the “white primary” in the South, redefined a political party into a public body rather than a private club. It may be, as McConnell argues, that “[tlhe precise location of the distinction between what is private and what is public is much less important than its maintenance.”’