Exposure to the mass media and weight concerns among girls
Exposure to the mass media and weight concerns among girls
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DOI：
10.1542/peds.103.3.e36
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发表时间：
1999-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Colditz, GA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Field, AE;Cheung, L;Colditz, GA
目标。评估媒体对女孩的体重担忧、体重控制/减肥行为以及对体重和体型的看法的影响。横断面调查在学校完成。调查问卷评估了体重、对体重和身材的不满、接触时尚杂志、媒体对体重和身材感觉的影响、体型的属性和偏好，以及受试者是否因为杂志上的一篇文章而节食减肥或开始锻炼。公立小学、初中和高中的必修体育课。研究对象包括美国东北部一个工薪阶层郊区的548名5年级到12年级的女孩。时尚杂志对身体不满足感、对完美体型的看法、节食减肥以及启动锻炼计划的感知影响。杂志上的图片对女孩们对自己体重和体型的看法有很大影响。在这些女孩中，69%的人表示杂志照片会影响她们对完美身材的看法，47%的人表示因为杂志照片而想减肥。阅读女性杂志的频率与因为杂志文章而节食减肥、因为杂志文章而开始锻炼计划、因为杂志上的图片想要减肥以及觉得杂志上的图片会影响她们对完美身材的看法之间存在正向线性关系。在控制体重状况(超重与不超重)、学校水平(小学与初中、小学与高中)以及种族/民族的多因素Logistic回归模型中，经常阅读时尚杂志的女孩因为一篇杂志文章而节食减肥的可能性是不经常阅读时尚杂志的女孩的两到三倍(优势比[OR]=2.11，95%可信区间[CI]：1.19-3.75)；因为一篇杂志文章而锻炼减肥(OR=3.02，45%CI：1.77-5.17)；感觉杂志影响他们认为的理想身材(OR=2.81；95%CI：1.72-4.58)；此外，中等频率的时尚杂志读者比不经常阅读时尚杂志的读者更有可能因为一篇杂志文章而报告锻炼(OR=1.94；95%CI：1.14-3.30)，感觉杂志影响他们认为的理想身材(OR=2.03；95%可信区间：1.30-3.15)。在这项以学校为基础的研究中，大多数青春期前和青春期的女孩对自己的体重和体型都不满意。这种不满与阅读时尚杂志的频率密切相关。尽管之前的研究已经得出结论，纸质媒体促进了一种不切实际的瘦身理想，而这至少是促进饮食失调的部分原因，但这项研究是我们所知的第一次直接评估纸质媒体对年轻女孩的体重和体型信念的影响。我们观察到，阅读时尚杂志的频率与为了减肥而节食、因为杂志文章而节食、为了减肥或改善体型而锻炼、因为杂志文章而决定锻炼的流行率呈正相关。鉴于超重带来的巨大健康风险，而且在过去20年里，儿童和青少年中超重的流行率急剧上升，建议超重的女孩应该接受自己的体型，而不鼓励减肥，这是不谨慎的。然而，渴望看起来像体重过轻的模特可能会产生有害的心理后果。结果表明，针对年轻女孩的印刷媒体可以通过避免依赖体重严重不足的模特，并刊登更多关于体育锻炼好处的文章来发挥公共健康作用。还需要更多的研究来评估关于严重节食、暴食症行为和保持非常低的体重对健康危害的文章是否有益。
Objective. To assess the influence of the media on girls' weight concerns, weight control/loss behaviors, and perceptions of body weight and shape.Design. Cross-sectional survey completed in school. The questionnaire assessed body weight, dissatisfaction with body weight and shape, exposure to fashion magazines, the impact of media on feelings about weight and shape, attributes of and preferences for body types, and whether subjects had gone on a diet to lose weight or initiated exercise because of an article in a magazine.Setting. Mandatory physical education class in public elementary, junior high, and high schools.Participants. Subjects included 548 5th- through 12th-grade girls in a working-class suburb in the northeastern United States.Outcome Measures. Perceived influence of fashion magazines on body dissatisfaction, idea of the perfect body shape, dieting to lose weight, and initiating an exercise program.Results. Pictures in magazines had a strong impact on girls' perceptions of their weight and shape. Of the girls, 69% reported that magazine pictures influence their idea of the perfect body shape, and 47% reported wanting to lose weight because of magazine pictures. There was a positive linear association between the frequency of reading women's magazines and the prevalence of having dieted to lose weight because of a magazine article, initiating an exercise program because of a magazine article, wanting to lose weight because of pictures in magazines, and feeling that pictures in magazines influence their idea of the perfect body shape.In multivariate logistic regression models controlling for weight status (overweight vs not overweight), school level (elementary vs junior high school, elementary vs high school), and race/ethnic group, girls who were frequent readers of fashion magazines were two to three times more likely than infrequent readers to diet to lose weight because of a magazine article (odds ratio [OR] = 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-3.75); to exercise to lose weight because of a magazine article (OR = 3.02, 45% CI: 1.77-5.17); and to feel that magazines influence what they believe is the ideal body shape (OR = 2.81; 95% CI: 1.72-4.58), In addition, moderate-frequency readers were more likely than infrequent readers of fashion magazines to report exercising because of a magazine article (OR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.14-3.30) and feeling that magazines influence what they believe is the ideal body shape (OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.30-3.15).Discussion. The majority of the preadolescent and adolescent girls in this school-based study were unhappy with their body weight and shape. This discontentment was strongly related to the frequency of reading fashion magazines. Although previous studies have concluded that the print media promotes an unrealistically thin body ideal, which in turn is at least partially responsible for promoting eating disorders, the present study is the first that we are aware of to assess directly the impact of the print media on the weight and body shape beliefs of young girls. We observed that the frequency of reading fashion magazines was positively associated with the prevalence of having dieted to lose weight, having gone on a diet because of a magazine article, exercising to lose weight or improve body shape, and deciding to exercise because of a magazine article.Given the substantial health risk associated with overweight and the fact that during the past 2 decades the prevalence of overweight has increased sharply among children and adolescents, it is not prudent to suggest that overweight girls should accept their body shape and not be encouraged to lose weight. However, aspiring to look like underweight models may have deleterious psychological consequences. The results suggest that the print media aimed at young girls could serve a public health role by refraining from relying on models who are severely underweight and printing more articles on the benefits of physical activity. Additional research is needed to assess whether articles on the health hazards of severe dieting, bulimic behaviors, and maintaining a very low body weight would be beneficial.